Human immunodeficiency virus and salivary gland pathology: an update

Meer, Shabnum

doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.001

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Pathologies in head and neck lesions frequently occur in HIV-positive patients [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Salivary gland disease is a common manifestation of HIV infection, with a significant increase in prevalence over the last two decades.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salivary gland disease is a common manifestation of HIV infection, with a significant increase in prevalence over the last two decades. The term "HIV-associated salivary gland disease" is recently used to designate HIV infection with salivary gland swelling involving the parotid gland, with or without xerostomia, benign lymphoepithelial cysts, or ranula salivary gland swelling involving the parotid gland, with or without xerostomia, benign lymphoepithelial cysts, or ranula [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . The prompt recognition is invaluable in the diagnosis and treatment of both the salivary gland diseases including ranula and HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment of oral ranula in HIV-positive patient

et al. 2021

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of oral ranula in HIV-positive patient

et al. 2021

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“…Most MiSGs contain mucus acini and secrete mucus saliva, which creates a protective lubricating micron-thick film that helps to avoid the subjective feeling of dry mouth [ 82 , 83 ]. Additionally, MiSGs produce saliva during sleep and therefore a decreased MiSG flow rate due to HIV/SIV induced inflammation may partially explain the night time dry mouth reported by HIV patients [ 84 , 85 , 86 ]. Although MiSGs contribute less than 10% of the saliva volume [ 82 , 83 ], they secrete high concentrations of immunoglobulin A that protects the oral mucosa from bacterial invasion [ 82 , 83 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, our findings demonstrate a significant impact of HIV/SIV infection on the MiSGs in the OPM and the potential for miR-29b to post-transcriptionally downregulate TSC22D3 protein expression in MiSG acini. These changes may explain the high incidence of dry mouth (xerostomia) experienced by HIV-infected patients [ 84 , 85 ]. More importantly, the low THC dose (0.32 mg/kg) administered parenterally in the present study successfully prevented HIV/SIV induced inflammatory signaling in the MiSGs without causing any adverse psychotropic effects or xerostomia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Term Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Administration Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses in Minor Salivary Glands of Chronically Simian Immunodeficieny Virus Infected Rhesus Macaques

Álvarez

Sestak

Byrareddy

et al. 2020

Viruses

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HIV/SIV-associated oral mucosal disease/dysfunction (HAOMD) (gingivitis/periodontitis/salivary adenitis) represents a major comorbidity affecting HIV patients on anti-retroviral therapy. Using a systems biology approach, we investigated molecular changes (mRNA/microRNA) underlying HAOMD and its modulation by phytocannabinoids (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC)) in uninfected (n = 5) and SIV-infected rhesus macaques untreated (VEH-untreated/SIV; n = 7) or treated with vehicle (VEH/SIV; n = 3) or ∆9-THC (THC/SIV; n = 3). Relative to controls, fewer mRNAs were upregulated in THC/SIV compared to VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. Gene enrichment analysis showed differential enrichment of biological functions involved in anti-viral defense, Type-I interferon, Toll-like receptor, RIG-1 and IL1R signaling in VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. We focused on the anti-ER-stress anterior gradient-2 (AGR2), epithelial barrier protecting and anti-dysbiotic WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain-2 (WFDC2) and glucocorticoid-induced anti-inflammatory TSC22D3 (TSC22-domain family member-3) that were significantly downregulated in oropharyngeal mucosa (OPM) of VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. All three proteins localized to minor salivary gland acini and secretory ducts and showed enhanced and reduced expression in OPM of THC/SIV and VEH/SIV macaques, respectively. Additionally, inflammation associated miR-21, miR-142-3p and miR-29b showed significantly higher expression in OPM of VEH-untreated/SIV macaques. TSC22D3 was validated as a target of miR-29b. These preliminary translational findings suggest that phytocannabinoids may safely and effectively reduce oral inflammatory responses in HIV/SIV and other (autoimmune) diseases.

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“…There is a diversity of well‐established salivary pathologies associated with HIV disease, particularly parotid enlargement and xerostomia synchronous with CD4 + decline and progression of HIV infection or subsequent to the administration of HAART, cystic lymphoid hyperplasia, diffuse infiltrative lymphocystosis syndrome, suppurative sialodenitis, ranula, and lymphoma 19,20 . The pathogenic relationship of sialolithiasis with HIV infection is tentative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible association of sialolithiasis with HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy: A case report

Brooks

Jones

Price

2020

Special Care in Dentistry

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Although there appears to be an overall trend of diminishing oral manifestations of HIV infection, evidence is emerging on the increased incidence of concomitant parotid gland enlargement and xerostomia. Furthermore, several case narrations and a limited series have suggested a possible association of sialolithiasis with highly active antiretroviral therapy, mostly involving the parotid gland. The aim of this report is to present a patient with a giant sialolith of the submandibular gland following a 27-year intake of various antiretrovirals for HIV infection and review the relevant literature.

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Human immunodeficiency virus and salivary gland pathology: an update

Cited by 28 publications

References 30 publications

Treatment of oral ranula in HIV-positive patient

Treatment of oral ranula in HIV-positive patient

Long Term Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Administration Inhibits Proinflammatory Responses in Minor Salivary Glands of Chronically Simian Immunodeficieny Virus Infected Rhesus Macaques

Possible association of sialolithiasis with HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy: A case report

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