Human influences on the population density of hanuman langurs Presbytis entellus and rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta in Shimla, India

Ross, Caroline; Srivastava, Arun; Pirta, Raghubir Singh

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90445-7

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This result is of interest not just because the Jodhpur population ''outperformed'' the population in the protected area (cf. Ross et al, 1993), but also because the Jodhpur population is an isolated population at the edge of the range. Such populations are often vulnerable to extinction threats, including climate change (e.g., Thomas et al, 2004;Waite and Strickland, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Waite

Chhangani²,

Campbell

et al. 2007

EcoHealth

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Large-scale climatic drivers such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can overwhelm factors that ordinarily govern local population dynamics. We recently documented an ENSO-related die-off of mammals in the Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS), Rajasthan, India. This die-off coincided with the La Niña-induced drought of 2000, which followed two consecutive monsoon failures. Hanuman langurs suffered a population crash of nearly 50% from 1999 to 2001. A Multivariate ENSO Index explained 80% of the variability in population size during the time series, and predicted the mass mortality and/or recruitment failure associated with the major La Niña event spanning 1999. Here, we ask whether langurs in a large Rajasthani city, Jodhpur, were buffered against drought because humans provisioned them with food-for religious reasons.Unlike the KWS population, the Jodhpur population suffered no significant decline. In 2001, this urban population remained 95% as large as in 1999, before the drought. Variability in population size was also vastly reduced in Jodhpur. Thus, the impact of drought was dampened in a major urban area compared with an officially protected area. In this case, high human population density was not anathema for conservation.Wildlife sanctuaries in protected areas are undeniably important conservation tools, but our findings reinforce the notion that cities can serve as de facto sanctuaries for some species. This study provides some hope for biodiversity conservation in a rapidly urbanizing world, particularly for holy and commensal species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Waite

Chhangani²,

Campbell

et al. 2007

EcoHealth

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“…The status and demography of common species have been surveyed in India, and there is evidence of negative impacts on their populations that might be of concern for wildlife management, for example, human interference in population of Hanuman langur and rhesus macaque in Shimla (Ross et al 1993), decrease in Hanuman langur population in West Bengal due to conversion of forestlands into agricultural fields (Das-Choudhuri and Roy 1989), changes in group size and decline in population size in bonnet macaques around Mysore (Singh and Rao 2004) and a sharp decline in primate populations in certain regions of the Western Ghats due to hunting (Kumara and Singh 2004). Sugiyama (1964) assessed the status of Hanuman langurs in Dharwar in 1961, and later found a decline in the number of groups present in the same study sites (Sugiyama and Parthasarathy 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of how much concern are the ‘least concern’ species? Distribution and conservation status of bonnet macaques, rhesus macaques and Hanuman langurs in Karnataka, India

Kumara

Kumar²,

Singh

2009

Primates

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We assessed the distribution and conservation status of bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata), rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Hanuman langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) in the state of Karnataka, India. Karnataka is situated in southwest India with an area of 191,791 km(2). A total of 9697 km of vehicular survey was made from November 2001 to July 2004. We also visited 107 temples/tourist spots to determine the presence of primates. Bonnet macaques and Hanuman langurs were widely distributed, whereas rhesus macaques were not found in the state. However, bonnet macaques were absent in a few districts in the northern plains and Hanuman langurs were absent in some districts of the southern plains. A total of 205 groups of bonnet macaques and 139 groups of Hanuman langurs were sighted. The relative encounter rate of both species differed across biogeographic zones. Bonnet macaques were largely encountered in the Western Ghats and the Southern Plateau whereas Hanuman langurs were abundant in the Western Ghats and Northern Plains. We found that bonnet macaques have been eliminated from about 48% temples/tourist spots where they occurred in the recent past. The Hanuman langur population of Dharwar-Haliyal Road was assessed during April 2003, and we found that the present population size was about 38% of a previous survey in 1961. Habitat change, hunting/trapping and translocation were the major factors causing a decline in the langur population.

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“…Human activities have both direct and indirect impacts on terrestrial mammals, including affecting animals' densities, behaviour, and social structure (Ross et al 1993;Berger and Cunningham 1995;Mace et al 1996;Berger 1999). Anthropogenic concentrations of food are an example of such a human activity (e.g., Wrangham 1974;Diaz 1994;Mace et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of trawling on the behaviour and spatial distribution of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Moreton Bay, Australia

Chilvers¹,

Corkeron²,

Puotinen³

2003

Can. J. Zool.

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Sympatric communities of inshore Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) have previously been identified within Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland, Australia. The two communities overlap in distribution, yet are almost completely socially segregated and forage in distinctly different ways. The correlation between this social segregation, the different foraging strategies, and a human activity (trawling) has previously been demonstrated. This paper investigates the possible effects of trawling on the behaviour and spatial distribution of these two communities. A geographical information system is used to determine the spatial use of each community. The behavioural budgets of both communities showed significantly higher levels of foraging behaviours than reported for most other bottlenose dolphin communities. The spatial use of both communities changed seasonally. These results provide further detail on how human activities may indirectly influence the behaviour and spatial use of free-ranging marine wildlife.Résumé : On a déjà signalé l'existence de deux communautés côtières sympatriques du grand dauphin de l'océan Indien (Tursiops aduncus) dans la baie de Moreton dans le sud-est du Queenland, Australie. Les deux communautés ont des répartitions qui se chevauchent, mais elles sont presque totalement isolées socialement et elles recherchent leur nourriture de façon différente. Une relation entre cette ségrégation sociale, les différentes stratégies alimentaires et l'activité humaine (chalutage) a déjà pu être démontrée. Notre étude examine les effets possibles du chalutage sur le comportement et la répartition spatiale des deux communautés. Un système d'information géographique a permis de déterminer l'utilisation de l'espace par les deux communautés. Les bilans comportementaux des deux communautés ré-vèlent que les comportements de recherche de nourriture sont significativement plus intenses que ce qui est signalé chez la plupart des autres communautés de dauphins. L'utilisation de l'espace par les deux communautés varie d'une saison à une autre. Nos résultats fournissent des précisions sur l'influence indirecte possible des activités humaines sur le comportement et l'utilisation de l'espace par la faune marine en nature.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Chilvers et al. 1955

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Human influences on the population density of hanuman langurs Presbytis entellus and rhesus macaques Macaca mulatta in Shimla, India

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Of how much concern are the ‘least concern’ species? Distribution and conservation status of bonnet macaques, rhesus macaques and Hanuman langurs in Karnataka, India

Influence of trawling on the behaviour and spatial distribution of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Moreton Bay, Australia

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