Human Milk sn-2 Palmitate Triglyceride Rich in Linoleic Acid Had Lower Digestibility but Higher Absorptivity Compared with the sn-2 Palmitate Triglyceride Rich in Oleic Acid in Vitro

Abstract

The digestion and absorption of different structural lipids in human milk may be different. Hence, by simulating in vitro infant digestion and Caco-2 cells to explore the effects of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL)/1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (LPL)/1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and their mixtures (M) (OPL/LPL/OPO in M1, M2, and M3 were 1.5/0.5/1, 1.2/1.2/1, and 0.5/0.2/1, respectively) on digestion and absorption. The digestibility of the OPO group was higher than those of the OPL and LPL groups, and the M3 group was higher than the M1 and M2 groups. The synthesis and transport of triglycerides in Caco-2 cells in OPL and LPL groups were higher than the OPO group, and the M1 group was significantly higher than that of M3. The expression of FABP1, PPARα, and MTT protein in OPL and M1 groups was significantly higher than OPO and M3, respectively. There are differences in the digestion and absorption of differently structured lipids from this study.

Digestion of Medium- and Long-Chain Triacylglycerol and sn-2 Palmitate in Infant Formula: A Study Based on Dynamic In Vitro Simulation of Infant Gastrointestinal Lipolysis

“…Because TAGs are the major energy source, their digestion efficiency is important for infants. , It has been well documented that the structure of TAGs in fats can affect their absorption and the distribution of the fatty acids in the body after digestion and uptake. , Recent research has explored the digestive properties of fat sources in IFs, such as the influence of sn -2 palmitates on the proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, the influence of different ratios of OPL/LPL/OPO (O stands for 18:1, P stands for 16:0, and L stands for 18:2) on the final digestibility, the influence of fatty acid chain length or TAG structure on the milk TAG digestion, and the lipolysis of IFs containing MCT . Our group compared lipolysis characteristics of IF with different MCT contents .…”

UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐based untargeted lipidomics reveals the variation of yolk lipids during egg storage

“…Furthermore, as we know, linoleic acid and linolenic acid are some essential nutrients in the human diet, probably related to their role as substrates for the synthesis of other longer‐chain and more unsaturated fatty acids 39 . The unsaturation of fatty acids in this specific upregulated TG may possess a unique influence on their digestion, absorption, and utilization by humans 40 . However, high intakes of linoleic acid by the embryo are also associated with oxidative stress in the early development, 41 suggesting that the storage of eggs at 30°C are not suitable for chick embryogenesis from the perspective of yolk lipid molecules, 42 and conforming that fertilized chicken eggs possess a specific mechanism to cope with oxidation at 37°C, the normal temperature of incubation.…”

Effect of an infant formula containing sn-2 palmitate on fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles of healthy term infants: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, controlled study

“…This study investigated the effect of a new infant formula containing sn-2 palmitate on infant fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles during the four months after birth. Most of the previous studies have focused on the effects of sn-2 palmitate on fecal consistency, 33 frequency, 14 skeletal development, 17 nerve development, 34 digestion and absorption, 15,35 and intestinal Bifidobacterium , 19,20 while few studies have focused on the effects of sn-2 palmitate on intestinal microbiota and metabolites of infants aged 2–4 months. In this study, we revealed the differences in gut microbiota and metabolites, as well as their functional distinction under the three feeding methods: the investigational formula containing high sn-2 palmitate, the control formula using a regular vegetable oil, and human milk, and compared the correlation between the different intestinal microbiota and different metabolites.…”