Background
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by
Mycobacterium bovis
is a re-emerging problem in both livestock and humans. The association of some
M
.
bovis
strains with hyper-virulence, MDR-TB and disseminated disease makes it imperative to understand the biology of the pathogen.
Methods
Mycobacterium bovis
(15) among 1755
M
.
tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) isolated between 2012 and 2014 were characterized and analyzed for associated patient demography and other risk factors. Five of the
M
.
bovis
isolates were whole-genome sequenced and comparatively analyzed against a global collection of published
M
.
bovis
genomes.
Results
Mycobacterium bovis
was isolated from 3/560(0.5%) females and 12/1195(1.0%) males with pulmonary TB. The average age of
M
.
bovis
infected cases was 46.8 years (7-72years). TB patients from the Northern region of Ghana (1.9%;4/212) had a higher rate of infection with
M
.
bovis
(OR = 2.7,p = 0.0968) compared to those from the Greater Accra region (0.7%;11/1543). Among TB patients with available HIV status, the odds of isolating
M
.
bovis
from HIV patients (2/119) was 3.3 higher relative to non-HIV patients (4/774). Direct contact with livestock or their unpasteurized products was significantly associated with bTB (p<0.0001, OR = 124.4,95% CI = 30.1–508.3). Two (13.3%) of the
M
.
bovis
isolates were INH resistant due to the S315T mutation in
katG
whereas one (6.7%) was RIF resistant with Q432P and I1491S mutations in
rpoB
.
M
.
bovis
from Ghana resolved as mono-phyletic branch among mostly
M
.
bovis
from Africa irrespective of the host and were closest to the root of the global
M
.
bovis
phylogeny.
M
.
bovis
-specific amino acid mutations were detected among MTBC core genes such as
mce1A
,
mmpL1
,
pks6
,
phoT
,
pstB
,
glgP and Rv2955c
. Additional mutations P6T in
chaA
, G187E in
mgtC
, T35A in
Rv1979c
, S387A in
narK1
, L400F in
fas
and A563T in
eccA1
were ...