Human osteoblasts grow transitional Si/N apatite in quickly osteointegrated Si3N4 cervical insert

Pezzotti, Giuseppe; Oba, Naoki; Zhu, Wenliang; Marin, Elia; Rondinella, Alfredo; Boschetto, Francesco; McEntire, Bryan J.; Yamamoto, Kenjiro; Bal, B. Sonny

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.038

Cited by 73 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Load-bearing Si3N4 prosthetic hip bearings and spinal fusion implants were initially developed because of the superior strength and toughness of Si3N4 [50]. Later studies showed other properties of Si3N4 that are favored in designing orthopaedic implants, such as enhanced osteoconductivity [51][52][53][54] and bacteriostasis [14,[55][56][57][58][59][60]. Taken together, these data suggest that Si3N4's surface chemistry, previously known to contribute concurrent upregulation of osteogenic activity and prevention of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, is also quite effective against viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Pezzotti

Ohgitani

Shin‐Ya

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionViral disease spread by contaminated commonly touched surfaces is a global concern. Silicon nitride, an industrial ceramic that is also used as an implant in spine surgery, has known antibacterial activity. The mechanism of antibacterial action relates to the hydrolytic release of surface disinfectants. It is hypothesized that silicon nitride can also inactivate the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.Methods SARS-CoV-2 virions were exposed to 15 wt.% aqueous suspensions of silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and copper particles. The virus was titrated by the TCD50 method using VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells, while viral RNA was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. Immunostaining and Raman spectroscopy were used as additional probes to investigate the cellular responses to virions exposed to the respective materials. ResultsAll three tested materials showed >99% viral inactivation at one and ten minutes of exposure. Degradation of viral RNA was also observed with all materials. Immunofluorescence testing showed that silicon nitride-treated virus failed to infect VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells without damaging them. In contrast, the copper-treated virus suspension severely damaged the cells due to copper ion toxicity. Raman spectroscopy indicated differential biochemical cellular changes due to infection and metal toxicity for two of the three materials tested. ConclusionsSilicon nitride successfully inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 in this study. The mechanism of action was the hydrolysis-mediated surface release of nitrogen-containing disinfectants. Both aluminum nitride and copper were also effective in the inactivation of the virus. However, while the former compound affected the cells, the latter compound had a cytopathic effect. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate whether silicon nitride can be incorporated into personal protective equipment and commonly touched surfaces, as a strategy to discourage viral persistence and disease spread.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Pezzotti

Ohgitani

Shin‐Ya

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The detailed chemical and spectroscopy analyses of a retrieved Si 3 N 4 spinal implant were recently published . It showed that elemental silicon and nitrogen were deposited into the crystal lattice of native hydroxyapatite by action of the osteoblasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this twofold purpose in mind, a minor fraction of Si 3 N 4 particles was incorporated into a PEEK matrix. Si 3 N 4 was selected because the surface chemistry of this nonoxide bioceramic has previously demonstrated both bacterial lysis and enhanced bone formation . These properties resulted from its biologically friendly silicon/nitrogen surface chemistry and its slow elution rate which was suitable for implant applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Pezzotti

Marin

Adachi

et al. 2018

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a popular polymeric biomaterial which is primarily used as an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion surgery; but it is developed for trauma, prosthodontics, maxillofacial, and cranial implants. It has the purported advantages of an elastic modulus which is similar to native bone and it can be easily formed into custom 3D shapes. Nevertheless, PEEK's disadvantages include its poor antibacterial resistance, lack of bioactivity, and radiographic transparency. This study presents a simple approach to correcting these three shortcomings while preserving the base polymer's biocompatibility, chemical stability, and elastic modulus. The proposed strategy consists of preparing a PEEK composite by dispersing a minor fraction (i.e., 15 vol%) of a silicon nitride (Si N ) powder within its matrix. In vitro tests of PEEK composites with three Si N variants-β-Si N , α-Si N , and β-SiYAlON-demonstrate significant improvements in the polymer's osteoconductive versus SaOS-2 cells and bacteriostatic properties versus gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. These properties are clearly a consequence of adding the bioceramic dispersoids, according to chemistry similar to that previously demonstrated for bulk Si N ceramics in terms of osteogenic behavior (vs both osteosarcoma and mesenchymal progenitor cells) and antibacterial properties (vs both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria).

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“…Apart from technical applications silicon nitride-based ceramics have also been used as material for medical devices (e.g., spinal cages). It was shown that the material shows good osseointegration and stimulated cell differentiation as well as osteoblastic activity which resulted in accelerated bone ingrowths compared to poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) [6]. Furthermore, silicon nitride was also evaluated regarding its anti-infective behavior when used for implants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing

Altun¹,

Prochaska²,

Konegger

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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Due to the high level of light absorption and light scattering of dark colored powders connected with the high refractive indices of ceramic particles, the majority of ceramics studied via stereolithography (SLA) have been light in color, including ceramics such as alumina, zirconia and tricalcium phosphate. This article focuses on a lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) method for β-SiAlON ceramics that are derived from silicon nitride and have excellent material properties for high temperature applications. This study demonstrates the general feasibility of manufacturing of silicon nitride-based ceramic parts by LCM for the first time and combines the advantages of SLA, such as the achievable complexity and low surface roughness (Ra = 0.50 µm), with the typical properties of conventionally manufactured silicon nitride-based ceramics, such as high relative density (99.8%), biaxial strength (σf = 764 MPa), and hardness (HV10 = 1500).

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Human osteoblasts grow transitional Si/N apatite in quickly osteointegrated Si3N4 cervical insert

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing

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Human osteoblasts grow transitional Si/N apatite in quickly osteointegrated Si3N4 cervical insert

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Silicon Nitride, Copper, and Aluminum Nitride

Incorporating Si3N4 into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants

Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing

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Product

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About

Incorporating Si₃N₄ into PEEK to Produce Antibacterial, Osteocondutive, and Radiolucent Spinal Implants