Human papillomavirus types causing recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Zimbabwe

<p>Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Diagnosis and Management – A Developing Country Review</p>

“…1 HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for most cases of JoRRP, although other types, including high risk types have also been identified. [3][4][5]9,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Transmission of HPV is believed to occur during birth from the mother as the fetus passes through an infected genital tract. Although a minority of mothers of children with RRP have a history of previous genital condylomata, most have histologic evidence of HPV infection.…”

“…36 The triad of a firstborn child born by vaginal delivery to a teenage mother was first described by Kashima and has subsequently been found in a number of other studies. 4,21,29,37 Primigravid mothers are more likely to have a long second stage of labor with prolonged exposure to HPV in the birth canal, leading to a higher risk of infection in the first-born child.…”

“…Patients generally present between the age of 2 and 6 years, with an approximately equal sex distribution. 2,4,7,16,[30][31][32][33][38][39][40] Patients with HPV11 disease present at a significantly younger age than those with HPV6 disease. 2,20,21,27 The initial presenting symptom is progressive dysphonia, followed by stridor and respiratory distress.…”

“…2,20,21,27 The initial presenting symptom is progressive dysphonia, followed by stridor and respiratory distress. 4,29,30,[38][39][40][41] Patients may be aphonic with respiratory distress on presentation. Other symptoms may include chronic cough, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and hemoptysis.…”

“…1 Two clinical presentations of the disease are recognizedjuvenile-onset RRP (JoRRP), where the condition occurs under 12 years of age, and adult-onset RRP (AoRRP). JoRRP predominates in sub-Saharan Africa, [2][3][4] in contrast to Europe and South America, where AoRRP predominates. 5,6 Epidemiology The incidence and prevalence of JoRRP in developing countries has been found to be similar to or slightly higher than that in developed countries (Table 1).…”