Human Parechovirus Infections in Dutch Children and the Association between Serotype and Disease Severity

Benschop, Kimberley; Schinkel, Janke; Minnaar, R. P.; Pajkrt, Dasja; Spanjerberg, L.; Kraakman, H. Carlijn; Berkhout, Ben; Zaaijer, Hans L.; Beld, Marcel; Wolthers, Katja C.

doi:10.1086/498905

Cited by 244 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The molecular ecology of HPeV seems especially relevant in view of their diversifi ed and strain-dependent pathogenesis (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like HPeV3, HPeV8 lacks the RGD motif; some researchers have suggested that HPeV3 may use a different receptor than other HPeV types for cell entry (3,13). Of all HPeV types, type 3 has been most strongly asso- ciated with severe neurologic and systemic clinical conditions (10,11,15). The lack of an RGD motif might implicate a different cell or tissue tropism for HPeV8 as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent data point toward substantial involvement in severe conditions, such as meningitis and infant sepsis, for which HPeV may constitute the second most frequent causative virus after enterovirus in young children (10). Different HPeV types may cause different clinical diseases (10,11). Unconnected diseases might be caused by yet unrecognized HPeVs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Human Parechovirus from Brazil

Drexler¹,

Grywna²,

Stöcker³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

103

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“…The molecular ecology of HPeV seems especially relevant in view of their diversifi ed and strain-dependent pathogenesis (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Novel Human Parechovirus from Brazil

Drexler¹,

Grywna²,

Stöcker³

et al. 2009

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

103

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“…They have been documented in Europe [99], North America [100], Asia [101] and Australia [102], and are regularly associated with a variety of clinical presentations, from mild gastrointestinal or respiratory illness to life-threatening conditions in neonates [36,96,103]. It can cause systemic infections with possible neurological involvement in infants, which are collectively described as 'sepsis-like illnesses' [98,99,104]. Such illnesses typically present with fever, seizures, irritability, respiratory and gastrointestinal problems, and occasional rash, and are indistinguishable from severe EV infections [34,105].…”

Section: Human Parechovirusmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Outbreaks of HPeV-3 usually occur in the summer/autumn seasons and have a distinct biennial pattern [96,98]. They have been documented in Europe [99], North America [100], Asia [101] and Australia [102], and are regularly associated with a variety of clinical presentations, from mild gastrointestinal or respiratory illness to life-threatening conditions in neonates [36,96,103]. It can cause systemic infections with possible neurological involvement in infants, which are collectively described as 'sepsis-like illnesses' [98,99,104].…”

Section: Human Parechovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human picornaviruses associated with neurological diseases and their neutralization by antibodies

Anastasina

Domanska

Palm

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

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Picornaviruses are the most commonly encountered infectious agents in mankind. They typically cause mild infections of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, but sometimes also invade the central nervous system. There, they can cause severe diseases with long-term sequelae and even be lethal. The most infamous picornavirus is poliovirus, for which significant epidemics of poliomyelitis were reported from the end of the nineteenth century. A successful vaccination campaign has brought poliovirus close to eradication, but neurological diseases caused by other picornaviruses have increasingly been reported since the late 1990s. In this review we focus on enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus A16, enterovirus 68 and human parechovirus 3, which have recently drawn attention because of their links to severe neurological diseases. We discuss the clinical relevance of these viruses and the primary role of humoral immunity in controlling them, and summarize current knowledge on the neutralization of such viruses by antibodies.

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Human Parechoviruses: Biology and Infection

Fischer

Harvala

Midgley

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Infections with human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are highly prevalent, particularly in neonates, where they may cause substantial morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation of HPeV infection in neonates is indistinguishable from that of enterovirus (EV) infection and may vary from mild disease involving gastrointestinal and/or respiratory symptoms to more severe illness with sepsis‐like symptoms such as fever, seizures, irritability, rash and/or feeding problems. HPeV is among the most common single causes of aseptic meningitis/meningoencephalitis in infants <90 days old worldwide. The mainstay of diagnosis for HPeV infections involves the use of molecular diagnostic techniques for detection of virus RNA (ribonucleic acid) in various materials (e.g. faeces, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nasopharyngeal, bronchial and autopsy materials). Despite the relatedness of HPeV and EV both at the genomic and clinical presentation levels, routine nucleic acid detection methods for EV will not detect HPeV. Laboratory diagnosis of these viral infections is important not only for differential diagnostic purposes and determining a patient's prognosis but also for guidance of clinical management. Clinical disease varies somewhat among genotypes; while HPeV1 mostly causes gastrointestinal illness, HPeV3 prominence is due to sepsis syndromes and central nervous system (CNS) infections in preterm and term infants. Of diagnostic importance, HPeV3 CNS infections usually lack CSF pleocytosis, and despite ‘unremarkable’ CSF, HPeV3 RNA can be amplified from CSF, nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs in an infected individual. Taking the global incidence of reported laboratory‐confirmed HPeV cases into consideration, mortality and sequelae are overall uncommon and usually accompanying initially severe or neurologically complicated acute illnesses. However, underreporting due to lack of testing and/or appropriate diagnostic methodology likely means gross underestimation of the true incidence of HPeV disease. Currently, neither effective treatment nor vaccines are available in the control of these common viruses with the potential to cause severe harm in neonates and young children worldwide. Key Concepts HPeV infections are common among infants and children worldwide. HPeV infections are underdiagnosed, and HPeV disease burden underestimated. Nineteen HPeV types identified so far – their role/significance in human infections unclear except for HPeV3. HPeV3 is a major cause of neonatal infections including severe meningoencephalitis. Genomic differences between EV and HPeV. Diagnostics: HPeV required specific PCR for detection, not that easy to culture. Majority of children with HPeV3 infection lack pleocytosis in CSF/have normal CSF. Having older siblings are associated with higher risk for an infant to be hospitalised with severe HPeV infection. HPeV infection should always be ruled out when caring for infants with sepsis‐like illness and/or CNS infection.

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Human Parechovirus Infections in Dutch Children and the Association between Serotype and Disease Severity

Abstract: We report HPeV infections in young children during the period of 2000-2005 and show an association between HPeV3 infection and sepsis-like illness and central nervous system involvement in neonates.

Cited by 244 publications

References 23 publications

Novel Human Parechovirus from Brazil

Novel Human Parechovirus from Brazil

Human picornaviruses associated with neurological diseases and their neutralization by antibodies

Human Parechoviruses: Biology and Infection

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