We found that 35 S-labeled recombinant human interleukin-1 (rhIL-1) binds phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-treated human placental alkaline phosphatase, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-treated trypanosome surface variant glycoproteins, and urinary uromodulin immobilized on plates or immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The interaction between rhIL-1 and these glycoproteins was lectin-like, since it was inhibited in the presence of specific saccharides, i.e. mannose 6-phosphate or synthetic Ac-NH⅐CH 2 ⅐CH 2 ⅐PO 4 ؊ 36Man␣13(؎2Man␣13؎6Man␣13)-propyl at about 1 M. On the other hand, a wide variety of compounds including biantennary sugar chains derived from these glycoproteins as well as ethanolamine phosphate, inositol phosphate, mannose 6-sulfate, mannose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and mannitol 6-phosphate did not show any inhibitory effect at concentrations up to 1 mM. These results indicate that rhIL-1 interacts with these glycoproteins via the mannose 6-phosphate diester of glycans on the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Furthermore, when monolayers of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells on polycarbonate filter membranes were incubated with 35 S-rhIL-1 in either the apical or basolateral chamber,
35S-interleukin-1 was found to bind specifically to the apical membranes with a K a value of 4.6 ؋ 10 7 M
؊1, and the specific interaction was inhibited by 1 M mannose 6-phosphate. Since the mannose 6-phosphate diester moiety exists only in the GPI glycans on plasma membranes, it was evident that interleukin-1 can directly interact with the mannose 6-phosphate diester component of the intact glycan of GPI anchors on plasma membranes.Until now, over 50 types of cytokines have been reported that mediate the regulatory network established between lymphoid cells, hematopoietic cells, and endothelial cells that control their differentiation and proliferation (1). In this cytokine network, a single cytokine can act as both a positive signal and a negative one, depending on the type of target cells. In contrast, in some instances multiple cytokines act on a single cell and show the same biological effects. The response of target cells to a given cytokine is determined by the expression of the cytokine receptor and/or the nature of the link between the receptor and the signal transduction pathways of the target cells. We have been interested in the lectin-like character of cytokines in relation to their role as signal transducers or effectors. On the basis of their lectin-like character, various cytokines have been categorized into several groups. Growth factors such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (2), heparinbinding growth factor (3), basic fibroblast growth factor (4, 5), and midkine (6) bind to heparan sulfate, whereas tumor necrosis factor-␣ (TNF-␣) 1 (7), lymphotoxin (8), interleukin-1␣ and -1 (7, 9), interleukin-2 (10), and interleukin-3 (11) recognize N,NЈ-diacetylchitobiose and/or some oligomannosyl residues, although the precise car...