Human recreational exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal bathing waters

Leonard, Anne Frances Clare; Zhang, Lihong; Balfour, Andrew; Garside, Ruth; Gaze, William H.

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.013

Cited by 197 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The 0.064% observed in treatment plots was higher than that previously observed in soil that had undergone application of antibiotic amended pig slurry (0.01%) (Byrne-Bailey et al, 2011), and soil 12 months after sewage cake application (0.02%) (Gaze et al, 2011) but lower than one month after application (0.36%). Integron prevalence in aquatic sediments has been shown to correlate with specific land uses (Amos et al, 2014), suggesting terrestrial inputs into river catchments and ultimately to receiving coastal waters where human exposure may occur (Leonard et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons

Cleary

Bishop

Zhang

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Kornelia. (2016) Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 92 (10). fiw159. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/84355 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Publisher's statement:This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in FEMS Microbiology Ecology following peer review. The version of record (see above) is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiw159 A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Cyanobacteria, was shown to increase in abundance significantly; a curiosity given the established sensitivity of this Class to antibiotics. We hypothesise that the overrepresentation of Proteobacteria as OTUs that decreased significantly in relative abundance, coupled with the observations of an increase in integron prevalence, may represent a strong selective pressure on these taxa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons

Cleary

Bishop

Zhang

et al. 2016

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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“…Effluent and run-off from fields will often end up flowing into the sea, resulting in estuaries, coastal waters and beaches polluted by faecal matter [14] ( figure 1). This could be a critical point of contact where humans and marine animals, as well as waders and seabirds, are exposed to AMR [19]. The rapidly expanding aquaculture industry is another source of AMR and antimicrobials to the environment: fish and seafood farmed in some countries where antimicrobial usage is high and poorly regulated are particularly likely to carry medically significant resistant pathogens [4,20].…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Antimicrobial Resistance In the Environmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance

2016

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been detected in the microbiota of many wildlife species, including long-distance migrants. Inadequately treated wastes from humans and livestock dosed with antimicrobial drugs are often assumed to be the main sources of AMR to wildlife. While wildlife populations closely associated with human populations are more likely to harbour clinically important AMR related to that found in local humans and livestock, AMR is still common in remote wildlife populations with little direct human influence. Most reports of AMR in wildlife are survey based and/or small scale, so researchers can only speculate on possible sources and sinks of AMR or the impact of wildlife AMR on clinical resistance. This lack of quantitative data on the flow of AMR genes and AMR bacteria across the natural environment could reflect the numerous AMR sources and amplifiers in the populated world. Ecosystems with relatively simple and well-characterized potential inputs of AMR can provide tractable, but realistic, systems for studying AMR in the natural environment. New tools, such as animal tracking technologies and high-throughput sequencing of resistance genes and mobilomes, should be integrated with existing methodologies to understand how wildlife maintains and disperses AMR.

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“…Escherichia coli, although a natural inhabitant of the human intestine, has several pathogenic forms causing extreme gastrointestinal infection, some of which exhibit cephalosporin resistance (de Kraker et al, 2011). Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found in bathing waters and studies have shown that risks are related to the type of water activity (Leonard et al, 2015). Regarding fungi, invasive Candida infections are the fourth leading cause of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, and they are associated with a high mortality (.40%) (Sipsas et al, 2009).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations and recommendations

et al. 2015

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Recent studies suggest that sand can serve as a vehicle for exposure of humans to pathogens at beach sites, resulting in increased health risks. Sampling for microorganisms in sand should therefore be considered for inclusion in regulatory programmes aimed at protecting recreational beach users from infectious disease. Here, we review the literature on pathogen levels in beach sand, and their potential for affecting human health. In an effort to provide specific recommendations for sand sampling programmes, we outline published guidelines for beach monitoring programmes, which are currently focused exclusively on measuring microbial levels in water. We also provide background on spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of microbes in sand, as these factors influence sampling programmes. First steps toward establishing a sand sampling programme include identifying appropriate beach sites and use of initial sanitary assessments to refine site selection. A tiered approach is recommended for monitoring. This approach would include the analysis of samples from many sites for faecal indicator organisms and other conventional analytes, while testing for specific pathogens and unconventional indicators is reserved for high-risk sites. Given the diversity of microbes found in sand, studies are urgently needed to identify the most significant aetiological agent of disease and to relate microbial measurements in sand to human health risk.

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Human recreational exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal bathing waters

Cited by 197 publications

References 46 publications

Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons

Long-term antibiotic exposure in soil is associated with changes in microbial community structure and prevalence of class 1 integrons

‘Disperse abroad in the land’: the role of wildlife in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance

Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations and recommendations

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