Human response to low-intensity sonic booms heard indoors and outdoors

Sullivan, Brenda M.; Klos, Jacob; Buehrle, Ralph D.; McCurdy, David A.; Haering, Edward A.

doi:10.1121/1.4787647

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Sullivan gives a good synopsis of the history of sonic boom human response testing. 1 Recently, very small scale evaluations by "expert ears" have confirmed earlier studies 2 and suggested that single-event sonic boom noise levels not exceed 70-80 PLdB (outdoors) for viable community noise acceptance levels to support commercial supersonic aircraft over land. These levels are, by comparison to the Concorde and other supersonic military aircraft, quiet and are often referred to as "low booms."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A flight research overview of the Waveforms and Sonicboom Perception and Response Project, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's pilot program for sonic boom community response research

Cliatt

Haering

Holtz

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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To support the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA)'s ongoing effort to bring supersonic commercial travel to the aerospace industry NASA, in cooperation with other government and industry organizations, conducted a flight research experiment to identify the methods, tools, and best practices for a large-scale sonic boom community human response test. The name of the project was Waveforms and Sonicboom Perception and Response (WSPR). Such tests go towards building a dataset that governing agencies like the Federal Aviation Administration and International Civil Aviation Organization will use to establish regulations for acceptable sound levels of overland sonic booms. This paper focuses on NASA's role in the project on essential elements of community response testing including recruitment, survey methods, instrumentation systems, flight planning and operations. Objectives of the testing included exposing a residential community with sonic boom doses designed to simulate those produced by the next generation of commercial supersonic aircraft. The sonic booms were recorded with an instrumentation array that spanned the community. Human response data was collected using multiple survey methods, and was correlated to acoustic metrics from the sonic booms. The project resulted in lessons-learned and the findings of appropriate methods necessary to implement a successful large-scale test.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A flight research overview of the Waveforms and Sonicboom Perception and Response Project, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's pilot program for sonic boom community response research

Cliatt

Haering

Holtz

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The A-weighted loudness has been found to correlate well with PLdB in the range of loudness levels pertinent to this paper. 13 The under-and off-track target ∆p/p ∞ are shown in Figs. 3(a) and 3(b), and the corresponding PLdB values for their ground signatures are 66 and 72, respectively.…”

Section: Generation Of Low-boom Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-Carpet Design of a Low-Boom Demonstrator Concept

Ordaz

Wintzer

Rallabhandi

2015

33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference

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The Cart3D adjoint-based design framework is used to mitigate the undesirable off-track sonic boom properties of a demonstrator concept designed for low-boom directly under the flight path. First, the requirements of a Cart3D design mesh are determined using a highfidelity mesh adapted to minimize the discretization error of the CFD analysis. Low-boom equivalent area targets are then generated at the under-track and one off-track azimuthal position for the baseline configuration. The under-track target is generated using a trimfeasible low-boom target generation process, ensuring that the final design is not only low-boom, but also trimmed at the specified flight condition. The off-track equivalent area target is generated by minimizing the A-weighted loudness using an efficient adjointbased approach. The configuration outer mold line is then parameterized and optimized to match the off-body pressure distributions prescribed by the low-boom targets. The numerical optimizer uses design gradients which are calculated using the Cart3D adjointbased design capability. Optimization constraints are placed on the geometry to satisfy structural feasibility. The low-boom properties of the final design are verified using the adaptive meshing approach. This analysis quantifies the error associated with the CFD mesh that is used for design. Finally, an alternate mesh construction and target positioning approach offering greater computational efficiency is demonstrated and verified.

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“…7 The sonic booms heard on the ground are perceived by people as highly annoying noise. [8][9][10] This annoyance presents a major obstacle that prohibits overland supersonic flights. Perception studies suggest that both the perceived loudness and the annoyance of the sonic boom tend to increase with the increase of its peak overpressure and decrease of the shock rise time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistics of peak overpressure and shock steepness for linear and nonlinear N-wave propagation in a kinematic turbulence

Yuldashev

Ollivier

Karzova

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Linear and nonlinear propagation of high amplitude acoustic pulses through a turbulent layer in air is investigated using a two-dimensional KZK-type (Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov) equation. Initial waves are symmetrical N-waves with shock fronts of finite width. A modified von Kármán spectrum model is used to generate random wind velocity fluctuations associated with the turbulence. Physical parameters in simulations correspond to previous laboratory scale experiments where N-waves with 1.4 cm wavelength propagated through a turbulence layer with the outer scale of about 16 cm. Mean value and standard deviation of peak overpressure and shock steepness, as well as cumulative probabilities to observe amplified peak overpressure and shock steepness, are analyzed. Nonlinear propagation effects are shown to enhance pressure level in random foci for moderate initial amplitudes of N-waves thus increasing the probability to observe highly peaked waveforms. Saturation of the pressure level is observed for stronger nonlinear effects. It is shown that in the linear propagation regime, the turbulence mainly leads to the smearing of shock fronts, thus decreasing the probability to observe high values of steepness, whereas nonlinear effects dramatically increase the probability to observe steep shocks.

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Human response to low-intensity sonic booms heard indoors and outdoors

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

A flight research overview of the Waveforms and Sonicboom Perception and Response Project, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's pilot program for sonic boom community response research

A flight research overview of the Waveforms and Sonicboom Perception and Response Project, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's pilot program for sonic boom community response research

Full-Carpet Design of a Low-Boom Demonstrator Concept

Statistics of peak overpressure and shock steepness for linear and nonlinear N-wave propagation in a kinematic turbulence

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