Human Rhinoviruses

Jacobs, Samantha; Lamson, Daryl M.; George, Kirsten St.; Walsh, Thomas J.

doi:10.1128/cmr.00077-12

Cited by 608 publications

(739 citation statements)

References 284 publications

(330 reference statements)

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“…The clinical spectrum of rhinovirus infection can range from asymptomatic to more severe lower respiratory tract illness such as obliterative bronchiolitis and pneumonia [1]. Rhinovirus is recognised as a major trigger of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged shedding of rhinovirus and re-infection in adults with respiratory tract illness

et al. 2014

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Rhinovirus infections occur frequently throughout life and have been reported in about onethird of asymptomatic cases. The clinical significance of sequential rhinovirus infections remains unclear.To determine the incidence and clinical relevance of sequential rhinovirus detections, nasopharyngeal samples from 2485 adults with acute cough/lower respiratory illness were analysed. Patients were enrolled prospectively by general practitioners from 12 European Union countries during three consecutive years (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). Nasopharyngeal samples were collected at the initial general practitioner consultation and 28 days thereafter and symptom scores were recorded by patients over that period.Rhinovirus RNA was detected in 444 (18%) out of 2485 visit one samples and in 110 (4.4%) out of 2485 visit two respiratory samples. 21 (5%) of the 444 patients had both samples positive for rhinovirus. Genotyping of both virus detections was successful for 17 (81%) out of 21 of these patients. Prolonged rhinovirus shedding occurred in six (35%) out of 21 and re-infection with a different rhinovirus in 11 (65%) out of 21. Rhinovirus re-infections were significantly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p50.04) and asthma (p50.02) and appeared to be more severe than prolonged infections.Our findings indicate that in immunocompetent adults rhinovirus re-infections are more common than prolonged infections, and chronic airway comorbidities might predispose to more frequent rhinovirus re-infections. @ERSpublications Chronic airway comorbidities might predispose to more frequent rhinovirus re-infections in immunocompetent adults

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged shedding of rhinovirus and re-infection in adults with respiratory tract illness

et al. 2014

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“…4 -8 With the use of sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other molecular assays for diagnosis and typing, the detection rates of rhinoviruses have increased, group A, B, and C rhinoviruses have been identified, and the spectrum of rhinovirus illnesses has been better recognized. 9 However, the illness burden of rhinovirus infections in young children is poorly defined. Previous studies have been either small, conducted in selected populations, done before the era of PCR diagnostics, or they have not covered noncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections that may contribute substantially to the disease burden because of high frequency.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

et al. 2016

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“…Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs). 1 Recent studies have shown an increasing prevalence of asymptomatic rhinovirus infections. [2][3][4] Picornavirus nucleic acids are typically shed from the upper respiratory tract for 1 to 3 weeks after infection.…”

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Duration of Rhinovirus Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract in the First Year of Life

Loeffelholz¹,

Trujillo

Pyles

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Rhinoviruses are commonly detected in both acutely ill and asymptomatic infants and children. The finding may represent new infection or prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In young, otherwise healthy infants, shedding of RNA from the same rhinovirus strain rarely persisted longer than 30 days. abstract BACKGROUND: Current molecular diagnostic methods have detected rhinovirus RNA in a high proportion of asymptomatic infants and children, raising the question of the clinical significance of these findings. This study investigates the prevalence of prolonged rhinovirus RNA presence in the upper respiratory tract of infants during the first year of life. METHODS:In a longitudinal study, infants were followed from birth up to 12 months. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected monthly (months 1-6 and month 9) and during an upper respiratory infection. Rhinoviruses were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Presence of repeated rhinovirus RNA was evaluated by nucleotide sequence analysis. RESULTS:A total of 2153 specimens from 362 infants were studied; 341 distinct rhinovirus infections in 216 infants were identified. Follow-up specimens were available within 30 days for 179 infections, creating the sample set to assess prolonged rhinovirus presence. Of the 179 infections, 46 involved the detection of the same rhinovirus strain in repeated specimens, including 8 events of prolonged presence of the same strain (detected in specimens collected .30 days apart), representing 4.5% of the evaluable rhinovirus infections. There were 26 events in which a rhinovirus strain was replaced by a different strain within a 30-day interval, representing 14.5% of the 179 infections. CONCLUSIONS:Although rhinovirus infections are common in healthy infants, prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract after an upper respiratory infection was uncommon (,5%). Detection of rhinovirus RNA in an infant most likely represents an infection within a 30-day period. Dr Loeffelholz co-conceptualized and co-designed the study and wrote the initial manuscript; Dr Trujillo coordinated data collection; Dr Pyles conceptualized and supervised molecular virology studies and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Mr Miller performed molecular virology studies and provided interpretation of the data for inclusion in the manuscript; Dr Alvarez-Fernandez supervised data collection; Dr Pong performed molecular virology studies and performed data collection and analysis; Dr Chonmaitree conceptualized and designed the study, provided overall study supervision, and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. 4,5 A study in adult volunteers showed that cultivatable rhinoviruses were routinely recovered for ∼2 weeks after infection. 6 Recurrent rhinovirus infection has been described in patients with asthma 7 and in those at risk of developing...

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Human Rhinoviruses

Cited by 608 publications

References 284 publications

Prolonged shedding of rhinovirus and re-infection in adults with respiratory tract illness

Prolonged shedding of rhinovirus and re-infection in adults with respiratory tract illness

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

Duration of Rhinovirus Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract in the First Year of Life

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