Humoral immune response to <scp>COVID‐19</scp> vaccination in diabetes is age‐dependent but independent of type of diabetes and glycaemic control: The prospective <scp>COVAC‐DM</scp> cohort study

Sourij, Caren; Tripolt, Norbert J.; Aziz, Faisal; Aberer, Felix; Forstner, Patrick; Obermayer, Anna; Kojzar, Harald; Kleinhappl, Barbara; Pferschy, Peter N.; Mader, Julia K.; Cvirn, Gerhard; Goswami, Nandu; Wachsmuth, Nadine; Eckstein, Max L.; Müller, Alexander; Abbas, Farah; Lenz, Jacqueline; Steinberger, Michaela; Knoll, Lisa A.; Krause, Robert; Stradner, M.; Schlenke, Peter; Sareban, Nazanin; Prietl, Barbara; Kaser, Susanne; Moser, Othmar; Steinmetz, Ivo; Sourij, Harald

doi:10.1111/dom.14643

Cited by 53 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…That study showed that substantial quantities of neutralizing antibodies were elicited post-vaccination, about five times the seropositivity threshold. However, in contrast to our findings and to the findings by Sourij et al, both SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibodies titers were lower in people with T2DM than people without DM [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we showed that the humoral immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was similar between people with DM and people without DM in three different measurements (T1, T2, T3). In a previous study, a total of 86 healthy controls and 161 people with DM were enrolled, and antibody levels were measured 7 to 14 days after the first vaccination, as well as 14 to 21 days after the second vaccination (86% received the BioNTech/Pfizer, 8.7% the Moderna and 5.3% the AstraZeneca vaccine) [ 8 ]. In the unadjusted analysis the study showed highest antibody levels after second vaccination in people with type 1 DM ( p = 0.022 vs. healthy controls and p = 0.013 vs. people with type 2 DM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the unadjusted analysis the study showed highest antibody levels after second vaccination in people with type 1 DM ( p = 0.022 vs. healthy controls and p = 0.013 vs. people with type 2 DM). However, after adjustment for age and sex, antibody levels after second vaccination were similar in people with DM in comparison with people without DM [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first adults with DM who attended the vaccination center of our hospital were matched for age (±3 years) in a ratio 1:2 with people without DM and were included in the study. Matching for age was necessary because previous data reported that humoral immune response post-vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 declines with age [ 8 , 10 ]. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, malignancy, systematic treatment with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressant medications, renal replacement therapy and liver cirrhosis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies showed that DM and glycemic control does not affect immune response [ 5 ] or the kinetics and durability of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 following COVID-19 [ 6 ]. Recent studies reported conflicting results regarding humoral immune response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in people with DM [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study

et al. 2022

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The mRNA-based BNT162b2 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against severe SARS-CoV-2. However, data regarding immune response in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) after vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine are limited. In this prospective observational study, we examined humoral immune response in participants with and without DM after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. A total of 174 participants (58 with and 116 without diabetes, matched for age) were included. Antibodies were measured 21 days after the first dose, 7–15 days after the second dose, and 70–75 days after the second and before the third dose of the vaccine. Antibodies were measured by an anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain IgG (Abs-RBD-IgG) assay by a chemiluminescent microparticle immune assay; values > 50 AU/mL are considered protective from severe disease. Almost 17% of participants with DM did not develop adequate humoral immune response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine after the first dose; however, it was high and similar after the second dose in both participants with and without DM and remained so almost 2 months after the second dose of the vaccine. Geometric mean values of Abs-RBD-IgG were not significantly different between participants with and without DM during the study. At least two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine are necessary to ensure adequate and sustainable immune response in people with DM.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study

et al. 2022

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COVID‐19 Vaccination and Gout Flare Risk in Patients With Infrequent or Frequent Flares: A Prospective Cohort Study

Xue

Dalbeth

et al. 2023

Arthritis Care & Research

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ObjectivesTo assess post‐COVID‐19 vaccination gout flare risk with differing baseline flare burden.MethodsWe prospectively studied gout patients with infrequent or frequent flares, defined as ≤1 flare/year, or ≥2 flares/year, respectively. COVID‐19 vaccine‐naïve patients managed with urate‐lowering therapy between February‐June 2021were included, and voluntarily decided on vaccination. Participants were followed for 12 weeks after enrollment or first vaccine dose. Gout flares and risk factors were compared between groups.ResultsOf 530 participants, 308 (58.1%) had infrequent flares, and 222 (41.9%) had frequent flares at baseline, with 248 (142 infrequent, 106 frequent) receiving two‐dose COVID‐19 vaccination. Vaccination increased cumulative flare incidence at 12 weeks in the infrequent but not the frequent flare group (26.1% vs. 10.8%, P=0.001, compared to 60.4% vs.65.5%, P=0.428). Flare incidence in the final 4 weeks of observation decreased significantly only in the vaccinated infrequent flare group (4.3% vs. 12.0%, P=0.017). Multivariable analyses showed that vaccination (OR=2.82, 95%CI 1.50‐5.30, P=0.001), flare in the preceding year (OR=1.95, 95%CI 1.03‐3.71, P=0.04) and BMI (OR=1.09, 95%CI 1.01‐1.19, P=0.03) were independently associated with increased flare risk in the infrequent flare group. Baseline serum urate (mg/dL) was an independent risk factor in the frequent flare group (OR=1.23, 95%CI 1.05‐1.45, P=0.012).ConclusionCOVID‐19 vaccination was associated with increased early gout flares only in patients with previously infrequent flares.image

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Reduced early response to SARS‐CoV2 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a 6 months follow‐up study: The CoVaDiab study I

D’Onofrio

Fogolari

Amendolara

et al. 2022

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Introduction Diabetes mellitus worsens the prognosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, and vaccination has been the major tool for reducing the risk of hospitalisation, and mortality. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in subjects with diabetes and controls. Differences between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes and clinical determinants of vaccination response were also evaluated. Methods 128 subjects with diabetes (60 with T1D and 62 with T2D) and 202 subjects acting as controls who completed a full vaccination cycle with two doses of mRNA vaccine were enroled. People with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were excluded. Antibodies (Ab) directed against the spike protein of the SARS‐CoV‐2 were evaluated at one and 6 months after vaccination. Results In the whole cohort, the Ab level was higher among women than in men ( p = 0.011) and negatively correlated with age (rho = −0.155, p = 0.005). Subjects with diabetes showed decreased levels of Ab after one month compared to controls (1217[747–1887]BAU/mL vs. 1477[942–2556]BAU/mL, p = 0.002), even after correction for age and gender ( p = 0.002). No difference was found between subjects with T1D and T2D. After 6 months, antibody levels significantly decreased in people with and without diabetes, with no differences between groups, although some subjects were lost at follow‐up. In subjects with diabetes, only a significant correlation was found between Ab level and renal function (rho 0.190, p = 0.042). Conclusions Both T1D and T2D are associated with a reduced early response to vaccination. The serum concentration of Ab significantly reduced over time in both groups, highlighting the relevance of vaccination boosters independently of the presence of diabetes.

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Humoral immune response to COVID‐19 vaccination in diabetes is age‐dependent but independent of type of diabetes and glycaemic control: The prospective COVAC‐DM cohort study

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study

Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in People with Diabetes: A Prospective Observational Study

COVID‐19 Vaccination and Gout Flare Risk in Patients With Infrequent or Frequent Flares: A Prospective Cohort Study

Reduced early response to SARS‐CoV2 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a 6 months follow‐up study: The CoVaDiab study I

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