Hybrid Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiuser MIMO Systems Using Regularized Channel Diagonalization

Khalid, Farhan

doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2886882

Cited by 41 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Robust beamformers for single-user (SU) were studied in [18] by minimizing the sum-power of interfering signals. In [17], a simple non-iterative algorithm was proposed for hybrid regularized channel diagolnalization and in [27] the mean square error (MSE) was chosen as the cost function for designing the hybrid beamformers.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proof of Theorem 2: Without loss of generality, let us assume there are a total of T RF components, i.e., P combiners, R dividers repectively, and Q phase-shifters, so that T = P + Q + R. According to properties (14), (15) and (17) in Theorem 1, we can rewrite (12) as follows by commuting the combiner matrices to the left hand side, i.e,…”

Section: Appendix Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where T = T − P . Similarly, the divider matrices can be moved to the right hand side using properties (13), (15) and (17), thus,…”

Section: Appendix Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized Framework for Hybrid Analog/Digital Signal Processing in Massive and Ultra-Massive-MIMO Systems

2020

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The conventional fully-digital implementation of massive-MIMO systems is not efficient due to the large required number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. To address this issue, hybrid analog/digital (A/D) beamforming was proposed and to date remains a topic of ongoing research. In this paper, we explore the hybrid A/D structure as a general framework for signal processing in massive and ultra-massive-MIMO systems. To exploit the full potential of the analog domain, we first focus on the analog signal processing (ASP) network. We investigate a mathematical representation suitable for any arbitrarily connected feed-forward ASP network comprised of the common RF hardware elements in the context of hybrid A/D systems, i.e., phase-shifter and power-divider/combiner. A novel ASP structure is then proposed which is not bound to the unit modulus constraint, thereby facilitating the hybrid A/D systems design. We then study MIMO transmitter and receiver designs to exploit the full potential of digital processing as well. It is shown that replacing the linear transformation in the digital domain with a generic mapping can improve the system performance. In some cases, the performance of optimal fully-digital MIMO systems can be achieved without extra calculations compared to sub-optimal hybrid A/D techniques. An optimization model based on the proposed structure is presented that can be used for hybrid A/D system design. Specifically, precoding and combining designs under different conditions are discussed as examples. Finally, simulation results are presented which illustrate the superiority of the proposed architecture to the conventional hybrid designs for massive-MIMO systems. INDEX TERMS Hybrid beamforming, hybrid analog and digital signal processing, ultra massive MIMO, massive MIMO, precoding, combining, beamforming.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized Framework for Hybrid Analog/Digital Signal Processing in Massive and Ultra-Massive-MIMO Systems

2020

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“…Using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique, a multiuser hybrid precoding scheme for massive MIMO-OFDM systems in the frequency selective fading channels is introduced in [34], [35]. The proposed algorithm in [36], [37] introduced a hybrid beamforming design and it is referred to as a hybrid regularized channel diagonalization (HRCD), where, the digital precoders/combiners are designed using a non-iterative algorithm. Its results indicate that HRCD can improve performance gains in sparse mm-wave channels without increase in complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pencil and Shaped Beam Patterns Synthesis Using a Hybrid GA/l₁ Optimization and Its Application to Improve Spectral Efficiency of Massive MIMO Systems

et al. 2021

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The synthesis of pencil beam and arbitrarily shaped beam patterns of linear antenna arrays (LAA) using reduced number of antenna elements attracts the attention of researchers in recent years. In this paper, a hybrid beamforming technique based on the combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and the 1 minimization method denoted as (GA/ 1) is introduced for LAAs synthesis. The proposed GA/ 1 beamforming technique optimizes both the elements excitations and interelement spacing to synthesize the desired LAA pattern with a minimum number of antenna elements. The GA/ 1 technique provides an excellent approximation to the desired radiation pattern with high accuracy and low complexity (less number of iterations and computational time) compared to the other synthesis approaches introduced in the literature. In addition, as an application of this work, the proposed GA/ 1 technique is used to build up a proposed hybrid precoding and beamforming (HP-BF) structure for Massive Multi-input Multi-output (M-MIMO) systems. In this structure, the transmit antenna array is synthesized for maximum gain realization using the existing number of antenna elements. In the HP-BF structure, the proposed GA/ 1 technique is used to make full use of the existing transmit array elements to synthesize the radiation pattern of much larger size and higher gain arrays without the need for additional elements. Thereby, significant savings in the number of antenna elements and their corresponding radio frequency (RF) chains are achieved, which reduces the system complexity. In addition, the array gain maximization will maximize the received signal to noise ratio (SNR) giving rise to higher system performance in terms of spectral efficiency (SE) and power utilization. INDEX TERMS Array synthesis, analog phase shifters, hybrid precoding and beamforming structure, Massive Multi-input Multi-output, millimeter waves, spectral efficiency, uniform linear array.

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“…The authors in [ 24 ] proposed the codebook based hybrid pre-coder design, in which a predefined code book is created and iteratively used to find the optimal hybrid pre-coder matrix. Hybrid beamforming design for a multi-user massive MIMO downlink transmission using hybrid regularized channel diagonalization (HRCD) scheme was proposed in [ 25 ]. The technique consists of the RF phase-only analog precoder with the linear digital (baseband) precoder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Algorithm Based Capacity Maximization of 5G/B5G Hybrid Pre-Coding Systems

Khalid

Abbas

Kim

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Hybrid pre-coding strategies are considered as a potential solution for combating path loss experienced by Massive MIMO systems operating at millimeter wave frequencies. The partially connected structure is preferred over the fully connected structure due to smaller computational complexity. In order to improve the spectral efficiency of a partially connected hybrid pre-coding architecture, which is one of the requirements of future 5G/B5G systems, this work proposes the application of evolutionary algorithms for joint computation of RF and the digital pre-coder. The evolutionary algorithm based scheme jointly evaluates the RF and digital pre-coder for a partially connected hybrid structure by taking into account the current RF chain for computations and therefore it is not based on interference cancellation from all other RF chains as in the case of successive interference cancellation (SIC). The evolutionary algorithm, i.e., Artificial Bee Colony (BEE) based pre-coding scheme outperforms other popular evolutionary algorithms as well as the SIC based pre-coding scheme in terms of spectral efficiency. In addition, the proposed algorithm is not overly sensitive to variations in channel conditions.

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Hybrid Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Massive Multiuser MIMO Systems Using Regularized Channel Diagonalization

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Generalized Framework for Hybrid Analog/Digital Signal Processing in Massive and Ultra-Massive-MIMO Systems

Generalized Framework for Hybrid Analog/Digital Signal Processing in Massive and Ultra-Massive-MIMO Systems

Pencil and Shaped Beam Patterns Synthesis Using a Hybrid GA/l₁ Optimization and Its Application to Improve Spectral Efficiency of Massive MIMO Systems

Evolutionary Algorithm Based Capacity Maximization of 5G/B5G Hybrid Pre-Coding Systems

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