Hybrid bioadsorbents for heavy metal decontamination from wastewater: A review

Abstract

Wastewater containing heavy metals (HMs) beyond permissible limit has to be decontaminated by an appropriate treatment method. Numerous conventional methods have been applied for heavy metal decontamination including chemical precipitation, ion exchange, electrolysis and membrane applications, etc. Most conventional methods are less efficient for the decontamination of metals due to the resistance and persistence of HMs in wastewater. Even so, the conventional methods have their limitations; adsorption using low-cost hybrid bioadsorbents has been explored as an environmentally friendly method for the removal of metal ions from wastewater. This review has been summarized the sources and effects of different heavy metals in the water/wastewater. The possible treatment methods also highlighted their advantages and limitations. Factors affecting the biosorption process such as bioadsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, and ionic potentials attracting to metal ions have been evaluated by the published researches. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of metal biosorption were discussed in light of previous studies. According to this review, hybrid bioadsorbents are outstanding materials due to their exciting physicochemical properties and other characteristics including eco-friendly nature, low cost, nontoxic, high adsorption capacity, and reusability. This review could be considered as a precious pathway for exploring more low-cost, environmentally friendly hybrid adsorbents for metal decontamination from wastewater, eventually, the review will contribute to environmental remediation and purification applications of biomaterials.

Nanostructured Biopolymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Nanostructured materials are considering as best alternative materials due to their exciting surface properties including surface chemistry, surface area, and selectivity. Nanostructured materials allowing and making building blocks with other pristine material in a nanometre range, so that, they are creating abundant new fabricated materials with improving the properties of materials [1,2]. Nanomaterials can be modified by different modification process including functionalization, surface modification, modification of shapes of materials, assembling, size control and composition of materials as seen following Fig.…”

“…Recently, nanocellulose based biopolymers were evaluated as the prospective bio-materials for dressing of wounded cell as because of their improving proliferation due to high surface to volume ratio, as well as replace and repairing capacity of damaged tissues [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…Nanostructured materials are considering the one of the best alternative materials due to their exciting surface properties including surface chemistry, surface area, and selectivity Nanoparticles are reported as the efficient and they are capable to making bridge between pristine and composite within the nanometre range [1][2][3][4][5]. Among other nanostructured materials, the polymeric materials are owing great interest to increase the capabilities of other bioactive molecules in a material [6].…”

Versatile Applications Of Biopolymer Nanocomposites: A review

“…The biopolymers have been explored as a significant material for using different applications including wastewater treatment, sensor application, tissue engineering, drug delivery, antimicrobial activity, wound healing, etc [3–7] . Different forms of carbohydrates, including starch and cellulose, as well as other polysaccharides, along with alginates and pectin, in addition to their mixtures with animal‐protein‐primarily based biopolymers, which include silk, wooden, gelatin, collagen, chitosan/chitin, gums, plant‐based proteins, and lipids provide the opportunity of rendering exciting advantages for that advanced field of applied sciences and technologies [8–12] . All those biopolymers offer exciting advantages in their use, along with their renewable features, biocompatibility, non‐toxicity, non‐polluting traits, mechanical integrity, and economically low‐cost material [13–15] .…”

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Different forms of carbohydrates, including starch and cellulose, as well as other polysaccharides, along with alginates and pectin, in addition to their mixtures with animal-proteinprimarily based biopolymers, which include silk, wooden, gelatin, collagen, chitosan/chitin, gums, plant-based proteins, and lipids provide the opportunity of rendering exciting advantages for that advanced field of applied sciences and technologies. [8][9][10][11][12] All those biopolymers offer exciting advantages in their use, along with their renewable features, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, non-polluting traits, mechanical integrity, and economically low-cost material. [13][14][15] The growth inside the use of biopolymers has triggered that their worldwide market is predicted to attain around 10 billion US Dollars by using 2021, growing using almost 17 % over the forecast period 2017-2021.…”