Hybrid electronic tongue based on optical and electrochemical microsensors for quality control of wine

Abstract

A multiparametric system able to classify red and white wines according to the grape varieties and for analysing some specific parameters is presented. The system, known as hybrid electronic tongue, consists of an array of electrochemical microsensors and a colorimetric optofluidic system. The array of electrochemical sensors is composed of six ISFETs based sensors, a conductivity sensor, a redox potential sensor and two amperometric electrodes, an Au microelectrode and a microelectrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand. The optofluidic system is entirely fabricated in polymer technology and comprises a hollow structure, air mirrors, microlenses and self-alignment structures. The data obtained from these sensors has been treated with multivariate advanced tools; Principal Component Analysis (PCA), for the patterning recognition and classification of wine samples, and Partial-Least Squares (PLS) regression, for quantification of several chemical and optical parameters of interest in wine quality. The results have demonstrated the utility of this system for distinguishing the samples according to the grape variety and year vintage and for quantifying several sample parameters of interest in wine quality control.

Portable Electronic Tongue Based on Microsensors for the Analysis of Cava Wines

“…For the ISFET measurements, a reference solution containing an average concentration of the main species present in wine was prepared. The composition of this solution has been reported elsewhere [24]. …”

Electroanalytical Sensor Technology

“…Similar studies by Gutierrez et al [177,178] in which the authors developed a sensing system for the classification and characterisation of both red and white wines. The sensor consisted of six ISFET sensors, a conductivity sensor, a redox potential sensor, two amperometric electrodes, a gold microelectrode and a microelectrode for sensing electrochemical oxygen demand.…”

Electronic Noses and Tongues in Wine Industry

“…ISFETs-based arrays can also distinguish between wines elaborated from different grape types and vintage (Artigas et al, 2003; Moreno i Codinachs et al, 2008). Hybrid systems combining different types of sensors (ISFETs, conductivity, redox potential and amperometric) can also characterize and classify monovarietal white wines according to the grape variety and geographical origin (Gutiérrez et al, 2010). …”

“…Electrochemical microsensors have also been combined with other measuring systems to assess the concentration of chemical parameters in wines (Gutiérrez et al, 2010; Gutiérrez-Capitán et al, 2014). …”