Hydrated lime/potassium carbonate as alkaline activating mixture to produce kaolinitic clay based inorganic polymer

Esaifan, Muayad; Khoury, Hani; Aldabsheh, Islam; Rahier, Hubert; Hourani, Mohammed Khair; Wastiels, Jan

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.03.026

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The most used natural aluminosilicate for zeolites synthesis is kaolinite and its thermally activated phase (metakaolinite), which constitute highly reactive and pure precursor materials [22,23]. Kaolinite and metakaolinite based zeolite synthesis involves mixing the solid precursor with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as the alkaline activating solution [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, zeolite Na-P1, zeolite LTA, sodalite, and analcime result when the concentration of NaOH in the reaction mixture is lower than a molarity of 4 [24,29]. Different cost-effective binary alkaline systems of low causticity have also been developed for the alkali-activation of kaolinite [22,30]. Esaifan et al [22] reported the formation of a kaliophilite zeolite by reacting kaolinite with calcium hydroxide/potassium carbonate (Ca(OH) 2 /K 2 CO 3 ) as the alkaline activating mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different cost-effective binary alkaline systems of low causticity have also been developed for the alkali-activation of kaolinite [22,30]. Esaifan et al [22] reported the formation of a kaliophilite zeolite by reacting kaolinite with calcium hydroxide/potassium carbonate (Ca(OH) 2 /K 2 CO 3 ) as the alkaline activating mixture. Shaqour et al [30] also synthesized a cancrinite-type zeolite by activating kaolinite with a calcium hydroxide/sodium carbonate (Ca(OH) 2 /Na 2 CO 3 ) alkaline mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

et al. 2019

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A hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite zeolite composite was synthesized from low-grade calcite-bearing kaolin by hydrothermal alkali-activation method at 160 • C for 6 h. The effect of calcite addition on the formation of the hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite composite was investigated using artificial mixtures. The chemical composition and crystal morphology of the synthesized zeolite composite were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and N 2 adsorption/desorption analyses. The average specific surface area is around 17-20 m 2 ·g −1 , whereas the average pore size lies in the mesoporous range (19-21 nm). The synthesized zeolite composite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solutions. Batch experiments were employed to study the influence of adsorbent dosage on heavy metal removal efficiency. Results demonstrate the effective removal of significant quantities of Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn from aqueous media. A comparative study of synthesized hydroxy-sodalite and hydroxy-sodalite/cancrinite composites revealed the latter was 16-24% more efficient at removing heavy metals from water. The order of metal uptake efficiency for these zeolites was determined to be Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni. These results indicate that zeolite composites synthesized from natural calcite-bearing kaolin materials could represent effective and low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal removal using water treatment devices in regions of water shortage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

et al. 2019

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“…Alkali activation of aluminosilicates is a term used to describe synthesis of geopolymers, inorganic polymers or alkali-activated binders in a high-pH environment at relatively low curing temperatures, up to 100°C (Davidovits, 1991;Carvalho et al, 2008;Provis & Bernal, 2014;Esaifan et al, 2015). The mechanical strength (>40 MPa) of the alkali-activated materials with low-energy requirements during production, encouraged extensive research worldwide to use the alkali-activated materials as environmentally friendly alternative building materials to Portland cement (Carvalho et al, 2008;Van Deventer et al, 2012;Provis & Bernal, 2014;Esaifan et al, 2016). The mechanical strength, morphology and physical properties of alkali-activated materials are influenced by several factors such as curing temperature, curing time, and type and concentration of the alkaline activator (Pacheco-Torgal et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The alkali activation of natural kaolinite using NaOH commonly produces hydrosodalite (Esaifan et al, 2015;Maia et al, 2015) or A-type and X-type zeolites (Belviso et al, 2015;Menezes et al, 2017). On the other hand, the use of a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution yields a semi-crystalline potassium aluminosilicate phase (KAlSiO 4 ) identified as kaliophilite (Esaifan et al, 2016). The reaction mechanism of the alkali-activation process has been summarized in three steps: (1) dissolution of aluminosilicate material into different monomeric species due to the high-pH environment; (2) restructuring or orientation of these mobile monomeric species to obtain a more thermodynamically stable state; and (3) polycondensation or precipitation of new hydrated aluminosilicate phases (Pacheco-Torgal et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008;Burciaga-Díaz & Escalante-García, 2013).…”

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Alkali activation of natural clay using a Ca(OH)₂/Na₂CO₃ alkaline mixture

2017

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An experimental investigation was conducted on the alkali activation of a kaolinitic clay using an alkaline mixture composed of hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution. The Ca(OH)2/Na2CO3 alkaline mixture was developed to overcome the high cost and chemical aggression associated with classical alkaline solutions. The mineralogical composition and microstructure of the alkaline mixture and alkali-activation products were studied using X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray-scanning electron microscopy techniques. Pirssonite (Na2Ca(CO3)2·2H2O), calcite (CaCO3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) formed as a result of mixing of Ca(OH)2 with Na2CO3. The alkali activation of natural clay with the Ca(OH)2/Na2CO3 alkaline mixture produced a binding agent identified as hydroxysodalite phase (Na8Al6Si6O24(OH)2·4H2O) when pure kaolinite was used, and cancrinite carbonate (Na6Ca1.5[Al6Si6O24](CO3)1.5·1.8H2O) when kaolinitic clay with high a calcite content was used. The mechanical strength of the binder developed was evaluated on cylindrical specimens containing granite waste as a filler material under dry and soaked conditions. The classical NaOH activator was used for comparison. For specimens produced using a Ca(OH)2/Na2CO3 mixture as the alkaline activator, the recorded strength valuewas 21 MPa which was 35% less than that achieved by the classical NaOH solution. Durability tests on samples soaked in water for 24 h showed a reduction in strength from 34 to 22 MPa for specimens prepared with NaOH solution, and from 21 to 11 MPa for the specimens prepared with a Ca(OH)2/Na2CO3 alkaline mixture.

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Feasibility of production fired bricks based lateritic soil at very low temperature

Sontia Metekong,

Kaze,

Kamseu

et al. 2024

Int J Ceramic Engine & Sci

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The present project deals with the production of lateritic soil based bricks under different curing temperatures (28°C–150°C). A fraction of 10–30 wt% amount alkaline solution was added to improve the reactive phase content. The raw materials and hardened products were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties and scanning electron microscope analysis. The results show that the addition of alkaline solution (30%) and the curing temperature (150°C) have a beneficial influence on physical properties (bulk density: 1.77 g/cm3, water absorption: 16.98%, and porosity: 30.13%) and mechanical performances (flexural: 6.61 MPa and compressive: 13.57 MPa). Compared with the code requirements for stabilized earth blocks, the compressive strength was higher than the minimum required. Microstructural investigations were also carried out to confirm the macrostructural properties. The above‐mentioned process appears to be a suitable candidate for engineering applications such as the stabilization of earth roads.

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Hydrated lime/potassium carbonate as alkaline activating mixture to produce kaolinitic clay based inorganic polymer

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Alkali activation of natural clay using a Ca(OH)₂/Na₂CO₃ alkaline mixture

Feasibility of production fired bricks based lateritic soil at very low temperature

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Hydrated lime/potassium carbonate as alkaline activating mixture to produce kaolinitic clay based inorganic polymer

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Synthesis of Hydroxy-Sodalite/Cancrinite Zeolites from Calcite-Bearing Kaolin for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Alkali activation of natural clay using a Ca(OH)2/Na2CO3 alkaline mixture

Feasibility of production fired bricks based lateritic soil at very low temperature

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Alkali activation of natural clay using a Ca(OH)₂/Na₂CO₃ alkaline mixture