Hydraulic Conveying of Solids

Newitt, D. M.; Richardson, John F.

doi:10.1038/175800b0

Cited by 83 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, in horizontal parts, among the various regimes that may be observed there exist regimes with a stationary layer of solids at rest at the bottom of the pipe [4,12,13]. There could thus be a great difference between the transport or delivered concentration C and the in-situ, local or volumetric concentration ǫ s that is the ratio between the area occupied by the solids and the area of the pipe.…”

Section: Control Parameters and Measured Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the relative specific mass of the solids with respect to water is s = ρs ρ l . In order to compare the present data to existing theories and correlations [4,15], the following quantity is also introduced:…”

Section: Control Parameters and Measured Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many predictive models exist in the case of slurries transported under homogeneous regime, that is to say when the particle diameter is small compared to the flow length scales and the velocity of the carrier fluid is high compared to the settling velocity of a particle [1][2][3][4]. It is then possible to predict the pressure losses in horizontal or vertical pipes with sufficient accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the solids may be large with respect to the pipe diameter and the circuit would have complex shapes, including vertical parts, horizontal parts, and potentially bends and S-shapes in order to absorb the deformations caused by surface waves. For transport of large particles in vertical pipe, a predictive model based on the work of Newitt et al [7] and Richardson et al [8] is proposed and validated on a set of experimental data [9][10][11]. However, in horizontal, and a fortiori in geometries in S-shape, there are few models [1][2][3][4][12][13][14][15] and the effects of specific mass and more specifically of very large particle size have not been systematically explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For transport of large particles in vertical pipe, a predictive model based on the work of Newitt et al [7] and Richardson et al [8] is proposed and validated on a set of experimental data [9][10][11]. However, in horizontal, and a fortiori in geometries in S-shape, there are few models [1][2][3][4][12][13][14][15] and the effects of specific mass and more specifically of very large particle size have not been systematically explored. One major difficulty in the case of transport of large particles and high specific mass comes from the various flow regimes that may be observed [1,2,4,12,13,16,17]: when the speed of transportation increases, several transitions arise from regimes with a layer of solids at the bottom of the pipe that is at rest or that flows backwards in inclined pipes [13,16,17] to regimes with a moving bed and eventually to heterogeneous and pseudo-homogeneous suspensions at high mixture velocities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of hydraulic transport of large particles in horizontal pipes

Ravelet

Bakir

Khelladi

et al. 2013

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. AbstractThis article presents an experimental study of the hydraulic transport of very large solid particles (above 5 mm) in an horizontal pipe. Two specific masses are used for the solids. The solids are spheres that are large with respect to the diameter of the pipe (5, 10 and 15%) or real stones of arbitrary shapes but constant specific mass and a size distribution similar to the tested spherical beads. Finally, mixtures of size and / or specific mass are studied. The regimes are characterized with differential pressure measurements and visualizations. The results are compared to empirical models based on dimensionless numbers, together with 1D models that are based on mass and momentum balance. A model for the transport of large particles in vertical pipes is also proposed and tested on data available in the Literature, in order to compare the trends that are observed in the present experiments in a horizontal pipe to the trends predicted for a vertical pipe. The results show that the grain size and specific mass have a strong effect on the transition point between regimes with a stationary bed and dispersed flows. The pressure drops are moreover smaller for large particles in the horizontal part contrary to what occurs for vertical pipes, and to the predictions of the empirical correlations.

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Section: Control Parameters and Measured Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Parameters and Measured Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study of hydraulic transport of large particles in horizontal pipes

Ravelet

Bakir

Khelladi

et al. 2013

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

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Fine particle turbulence modulation

2010

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in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).Streamwise turbulence intensities of fine particulate suspensions were studied in a 26 mm N.B. horizontal pipe loop. Colloidal silica spheres were prepared in 10 À4 M and 1M KNO 3 solutions to control the degree of aggregate formation in the suspension. Using an ultrasonic Doppler velocity profiling sensor, the turbulence intensities of the fine particle suspensions were compared with those of a particle-free flow over a range of Reynolds numbers. At low electrolyte concentration, the silica particles remain dispersed, with the turbulence intensity of the suspension flow comparable with that of the particle-free flow. At high electrolyte concentration, increased particle-particle interaction leads to the formation of particle aggregates which support turbulence augmentation over a critical Reynolds number range. The range of Reynolds numbers over which this turbulence enhancement is observed is limited by both fluid dynamic effects at low Reynolds numbers (Re % 5500) and aggregate breakup at high Reynolds numbers (Re % 8000).

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Pressure drop and flow pattern of slush nitrogen in a horizontal pipe

Jiang

Zhang

2012

AIChE Journal

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Slush nitrogen is a mixture of solid nitrogen particles and liquid nitrogen, and its flow characteristics in a horizontal pipe are investigated experimentally and theoretically in this study. Pressure drop of slush nitrogen is higher than that of subcooled liquid nitrogen due to the viscous and the mechanical frictions, and the dependence of pressure drop on the mean velocity varies under different flow conditions. The solid volume fraction distributions and the velocity throughout the pipe cross‐section of slush nitrogen flow are investigated with the Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase approach incorporated with the kinetic theory of granular flow. The flow patterns of slush nitrogen are determined as the pseudo‐homogeneous flow, the heterogeneous flow and the bedload flow from the experimental and numerical results. The relationship between the friction factor and the Reynolds number for slush nitrogen with various solid volume fractions is obtained by using the slush Reynolds number. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 1762–1773, 2013

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Hydraulic Conveying of Solids

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental study of hydraulic transport of large particles in horizontal pipes

Experimental study of hydraulic transport of large particles in horizontal pipes

Fine particle turbulence modulation

Pressure drop and flow pattern of slush nitrogen in a horizontal pipe

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