Hydrides

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Hydrides of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals 2.1. General 2.2. Lithium Hydride 2.3. Sodium Hydride 2.4. Potassium Hydride 2.5. Beryllium Hydride 2.6. Magnesium Hydride 2.7. Calcium Hydride 3. Binary and Complex Hydrides of the Boron Group 3.1. General 3.2. Lithium Tetrahydridoborate 3.3. Lithium Triethylhydridoborate 3.3. Lithium Tri-sec-butylhydridoborate 3.4. Sodium Tetrahydridoborate 3.5. Sodium Cyanotrihydridoborate 3.6. Potassium Tetrahydridoborate 3.7. Aluminum Hydride 3.8. Lithium Tetrahydridoaluminate 3.9. Lithium (tri-tert-butoxy)hydrido-aluminate 3.10. Sodium Tetrahydridoaluminate 3.11. Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)dihydridoaluminate 3.12. Diisobutylaluminum Hydride 4. Hydrides of the Transition Metals 4.1. Binary Hydrides 4.1.1. Titanium Hydride 4.1.2. Zirconium Hydride 4.2. Intermetallic Hydrides 4.3. Complex Hydrides of Transition Metals 4.3.1. Di(η5-cyclopentadienyl)chlorohydridozirconium(IV) 4.3.2. Carbonylhydrido-tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) 5. Use of complex hydrides for organic synthesis 5.1. Overview 5.2. Chemoselective Reductions 5.3. Enantioselective Reductions 6. Use of metal hydrides for energy storage 6.1. Hydrogen Storage 6.1.1. Reversible Hydrogen storage 6.1.2. Non-reversible Hydrogen storage 6.2. Thermochemical applications 6.3. Battery applications 7. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 8. Toxicology and Occupational Healt

Properties of Negatively Charged Ruthenium Clusters in Molten Sodium Chloride

“…Na 3 N is thermally unstable, whereas Li 3 N is thermally stable . The same holds for NaH and LiH, which would be important if hydrogen is included in the attempt to form ammonia. Ammonia synthesis would of course require molten salt eutectic mixtures with lower melting point than NaCl (1074 K).…”

Metal (boro-) hydrides for high energy density storage and relevant emerging technologies

“…Sodium borohydride, produced on a scale of a few thousand metric tons annually, remains the most important industrially useful complex metal hydride [184], while also a few other borohydrides are…”

“…While NaBH4 and LiBH4 are available on a large scale via well-established methods [184], the heavier MBH4, M = K -Cs, can be prepared in the ion metathesis reaction performed in cold methanol [198]:…”

CO2 reduction with protons and electrons at a boron-based reaction center

“…Despite their broad utility, one drawback to these reagents is the substantial energy required for their production. For example, millions of kg of NaBH 4 are produced each year by the NaH reduction of B(OMe) 3 in the Brown–Schlesinger process 14B(OCH 3 ) 3 + 4NaH → NaBH 4 + 3NaOCH 3 …”

“…NaH is prepared from the reaction of metallic Na with H 2 gas,14 and the reduction of NaCl to metallic Na in the Downs process. The process requires high temperature (>600 °C) and operating potentials of 8 V or more for practical reaction rates 15.…”