Microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and
viruses
pose a serious threat to human health and society. Surfaces are one
of the major pathways for the transmission of infectious diseases.
Therefore, imparting antipathogenic properties to these surfaces is
significant. Here, we present a rapid, one-step approach for practical
fabrication of antimicrobial and antifungal surfaces using an eco-friendly
and low-cost reducing agent, the extract of
Cedrus
libani
. Copper oxide nanoparticles were grown in situ
on the surface of print paper and fabric in the presence of the copper
salt and extract, without the use of any additional chemicals. The
morphology and composition of the grown nanoparticles were characterized
using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction
techniques. The analysis revealed that the grown particles consist
of mainly spherical CuO nanoparticles with an average size of ∼14
nm and its clusters with an average size of ∼700 nm. The in
situ growth process enables strong bonding of the nanoparticles to
the surface, resulting in enhanced durability against wear and tear.
Moreover, the fabricated surface shows excellent growth inhibition
ability and bactericidal activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive
bacteria,
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
, as well as antifungal activity
against
Candida albicans
, a common
pathogenic fungus. The ability to grow copper oxide nanoparticles
on different surfaces paves the way for a range of applications in
wound dressings, masks, and protective medical equipment.