Hydrogen mode of black earth normal in tekhnology "No-till"

Abstract

Studies of the influence of different technologies of ordinary chernozem cultivation on the reserves of productive moisture for growing corn for grain and winter wheat in the steppe zone of Ukraine The parameters of productive moisture at the technology of growing field crops with "zero tillage" of the soil ("No-till") relative to the shelf plowing are determined. Inserted. That the system "No-till" contributes to a significant reduction in moisture loss due to unproductive evaporation at a high rate of absorption of precipitation, provides reliable protection of soil from erosion. When covering the soil surface close to 100% in summer under corn, the reserves of productive moisture in the root layer are 1.5 and more times higher than the corresponding reserves with traditional technology; in the absence of mulch, the humidification regime with the technology without tillage is more intense than traditional. The regime of soil moisture under winter wheat for corn for silage is better by "zero" technology, but no significant difference between the options for an average of 3 years. In the snowless winter with "zero" technology with mulch, the height of snow cover was 3.2 times higher than traditional technology. It was found that a prerequisite for growing crops without tillage in the area of insufficient moisture is the creation of a thick layer of mulch due to the non-commodity share of crop yields, which in crushed form remains on the soil surface. Projective mulch coverage of 100% or close to this level is the key to the widespread introduction of cultivation technologies without tillage in arid steppe conditions.

Assessment of the tillage impact on soybean productivity

“…It should also be noted that both in the top (0-10 cm) and in the 10-20 and 20-30 cm horizons, the soil texture density indicators had critical limits and significantly exceeded the optimal parameters for soybeans. Similar results were obtained by R.A. Vozhehova et al (2021), who found that the lowest level of soil density (1.23 g/cm 3 ) was formed under chisel tillage to a depth of 28-30 cm of soil, which is 1.6% lower than the control (ploughing at 28-30 cm), and the highest (1.29 g/cm 3 ) was obtained under the No-till system, which is 3.2% higher than the control. However, S.R.…”

“…It is known that the most favourable conditions for growing soybeans are created when the soil density is in the range of 1.1-1.3 g/cm 3 . M.T.…”

“…Moraes et al (2020) point out that soil density has always been a problem for agricultural productivity, mainly with minimum tillage technologies, in particular No-till. The determination of this indicator shows that in the No-till system, it was higher compared to conventional tillage (ploughing at 23-25 cm), where the soil density was 121-1.32 g/cm 3 , while in the traditional tillage, it was in the range of 0.95-1.23 g cm 3 (Table 1). During the growing season, soil compaction is observed in all variants of the experiment.…”

“…The research relevance is determined by the need to reduce the negative impact of agricultural activities on the environment and optimise production costs. The introduction of the Notill system can help preserve soil cover, reduce erosion and pollution, and reduce energy and labour consumption, which will help increase agricultural production efficiency (Page et al, 2020;Bulygin et al, 2021). The research aims to determine changes in the agrophysical parameters of typical chernozem, the efficiency of moisture used by plants and their impact on soybean yields depending on the tillage system.…”

“…The density of soil layer 0-30 cm in soybean crops under different tillage systems (average for 2020-2022), g/cm3 …”