Studies of the influence of different technologies of ordinary chernozem cultivation on the reserves of productive moisture for growing corn for grain and winter wheat in the steppe zone of Ukraine The parameters of productive moisture at the technology of growing field crops with "zero tillage" of the soil ("No-till") relative to the shelf plowing are determined. Inserted. That the system "No-till" contributes to a significant reduction in moisture loss due to unproductive evaporation at a high rate of absorption of precipitation, provides reliable protection of soil from erosion. When covering the soil surface close to 100% in summer under corn, the reserves of productive moisture in the root layer are 1.5 and more times higher than the corresponding reserves with traditional technology; in the absence of mulch, the humidification regime with the technology without tillage is more intense than traditional. The regime of soil moisture under winter wheat for corn for silage is better by "zero" technology, but no significant difference between the options for an average of 3 years. In the snowless winter with "zero" technology with mulch, the height of snow cover was 3.2 times higher than traditional technology. It was found that a prerequisite for growing crops without tillage in the area of insufficient moisture is the creation of a thick layer of mulch due to the non-commodity share of crop yields, which in crushed form remains on the soil surface. Projective mulch coverage of 100% or close to this level is the key to the widespread introduction of cultivation technologies without tillage in arid steppe conditions.

Purpose. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the erosion safety of the soil cover of Ukraine, to determine the theoretical and applied principles of the formation of an agrolandscape with guaranteed soil protection, mainly by engineering methods. Methods. System comparative analysis of erosion hazard. Mathematical modeling of erosion processes. Physical simulation of anti-corrosion protection. Results. The main causes of progressive soil erosion in Ukraine have been revealed. Classified distributed soil erosion by types and species. The main reason for the development of erosion processes and the imbalance of modern agricultural landscapes of Ukraine, which is excessive plowing of the territory and agricultural lands, has been revealed. Annual erosion losses from arable lands of Ukraine are indicated. The main degradation processes of the soil cover have been identified. The main problems in land use and land protection, which are not solved and become chronic, are formulated. Generalized negative ecological consequences of soil erosion of the chernozem habitus. It has been proven that arable land is the main element of the entropy of “chaos” in the landscape. Algorithms for the construction of soil protection agrolandscape are formulated. The ability to use the hydromechanical model has been proven Ts. E. Mirtskhulava, which we have moderated for the assessment of erosion danger in the formation of agricultural landscape structures mainly by engineering methods, for a certain probability of manifestation of erosion danger and individual factors of soil erosion. Conclusions 1. The soil cover of the Earth is degraded by almost 100%, the greatest “weight” among degradation processes is occupied by the processes of water (36%) and wind (28%) erosions. 2. One of the most significant destabilizing factors is arable land. When natural vegetation is destroyed, the soil is destroyed as a result of a sharp increase in the direct absorption of solar radiation. 3. A reliable method of protecting soils from erosion is an agrolandscape – an engineering structure (structure) that must be designed and built mainly by engineering methods on a calculated and quantitative basis, which requires the presence of appropriate mathematical models verified in every way, those processes that determined the stability and productivity of lands. The “zero” cycle is the basis of the construction of the agro-landscape is the anti-erosion protection system. 4. For the formation of anti-erosion protection in the agricultural landscape, a mathematical model of erosion is necessary as a calculation quantitative base, preference should be given to theoretical models that adequately and physically conditionally describe natural processes. Keywords: soil erosion and degradation, agricultural landscape, mathematical models of erosion, erosion hazard.

Annotation Purpose. To determine the parameters of the potential danger of soil deflation on the territory of Ukraine as a theoretical basis of investment policy for the formation of anti-deflation protection. Methods. General scientific (field, morphological-genetic, mathematical and physical modeling of processes of blowing (deflation) of soil milky soil and cartographic with rinsing of GIS-technologies. Results. Based on the physical modeling of wind erosion in the wind tunnel, the epic equation of potential deflation of the main soils of Ukraine is formed. The map of the maximum blowing of soil fine soil of 20 % of security is created. The unit of measurement was the area of the administrative district, the GIS technology of the software product “Relief Processor”, transferred to one of the authors Boris Vorobyov, was used. Regions with a catastrophic risk of deflation are in Polissya and the Southern Steppe. At the same time, 30 years ago, deflation was not heard of in Polissya. Conclusions 1. Without a radical change in the principles of land use and agricultural syste ms, the revival of landscapes and agricultural lands in regions with a high risk of soil deflation is impossible 2. Quantitative assessment of the potential danger of blowing small soils is a necessary condition for justifying anti-inflationary measures. 3. On the basis of the empirical model of deflation of NSC “IGA” zoning of arable lands of Ukraine on the danger of soil deflation is made. One of the main tasks of further research of deflation processes is to develop models that reflect the physics of soil blowing and have a sufficient mathematical basis. 4. The basis for the formation of anti-erosion strategy and appropriate investment policy is a quantitative assessment of the potential danger of deflation. The higher the danger, the more reliable the protection should be, first of all, these are measures of permanent action that require appropriate capital investment. In addition, there is a need to create a network of monitoring observations of deflationary processes and their factors. Keywords: deflation, danger of deflation, anti-deflation protection.

Аnnotation Purpose. Justify the possibility and feasibility of using the technological standard (Tn) to regulate the technological load on soils to eliminate the conditions of their degradation using the energy assessment of the action of agricultural machinery systems and agronomic measures in terms of the structural-aggregate and humus state, as well as biological activity. Methods. General scientific (field, morphological-genetic, comparative-analytical, agroanalytical, laboratory) and special (determination of the content of elementary soil particles (ESP) and microaggregation by the microscopic method according to Bulygin S. Yu.). Results. Under the conditions of stationary experiments of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, it was revealed that more than 60 years of use of alkaline chernozem soil in a 10-field crop rotation with a field of clover with a traditional tillage system using moldboard plowing against the background of different fertilization options did not significantly worsen any of the parameters of agrophysical and humus state, biological activity, quantitative and species composition of the microbiological pool. More than 40 years of use of dark gray podzolized soil at a full rate of fertilization, applying lime to neutralize hydrolytic acidity and growing green manures after cereal early ripening crops, leaving the non-marketable part of the crop on the field under the conditions of a traditional processing system with moldboard plowing in a 7-field crop rotation , also with a field of clover, did not worsen the main parameters of its fertility. A conceptual mathematical model has been developed for the processing soil conservation agriculture systems based on the studies. Conclusions 1. Agrophysical parameters of soil have different information content and different sensibility. Each hierarchical level of the soil body system is characterized by a certain set of indicators, including agrophysical ones. It has been established that a scientifically grounded crop rotation against the background of moderate doses of mineral fertilizers, necessary chemical ameliorants with the abandonment of the non-commercial part of the crop and the use of green manure after early grain crops guaranteed to hold the agro physical condition of soils from deterioration. 2. The guarantor of a quasi-stable humus state is the stability of the agrophysical framework of the soil system and the harmony of the microbiological pool, the quantitative and species composition of which determines the balance of the synthesis and mineralization of humus and other organic substances. 3. Changing the effective influence of the living soil phase is determined by its agrophysical state, which leads to a change in the humus state – the first iteration passed. Next – the next and next chain of the spiral of the “life” of the soil (thesis-antithesis synthesis by Hegel), until the bottom or the top of the dynamic equilibrium is achieved, which is determined by the level of agriculture culture. 4. The direction (vector and trend) of the soil formation is determined by the energy ratio of the energy of the Sun in the form of a fresh vegetable residue (the second factor of the genesis of soils according to Dokuchaev) to anthropogenic energy, which is consumed in the implementation of crop technologies, which determines the value of the technological regulation (Tn). 5. The energy assessment of technologies for growing crops under the conditions of long-term stationary experiments made it possible to determine technological standards (Tn): for meadow-chernozem soil – 8.6, for dark gray podzolized soil – 7.2. Keywords: technological standard of energy load, elementary soil particles (ESP), coefficient of microaggregation, humus state, microbiological activity, energy assessment of plant technologies.