Hydrogen production using high-pressure electrolyzers

Hanke‐Rauschenbach, Richard; Bensmann, Boris; Millet, Pierre

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-361-4.00007-8

“…Hydrogen is produced at a range of pressures across the different options and can be generated up to 15-80 bar by high-pressure electrolysers. 264 Hydrogen pipelines typically operate at such pressures, with regularly-spaced pipeline compressors used to maintain pressure over long distances. For storage, hydrogen must either be compressed or liquefied to obtain sufficient energy density.…”

Section: Hydrogen Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…269 Electrolysis can generate hydrogen at pressures up to 200 bar with higher efficiency than mechanical technologies. 264 Less mature technologies include electrochemical, ionic and hydride compressors ( Table 5). 31 Liquefaction.…”

Section: Hydrogen Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell

¹

,

Scamman

²

,

Abad

³

et al. 2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option for the deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost and performance point towards economic viability as well. This paper is a comprehensive review of the potential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport and energy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in being able to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is well established in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming.Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and 225 000 fuel cell home heating systems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago. This review shows that challenges around cost and performance remain, and considerable improvements are still required for hydrogen to become truly competitive. But such competitiveness in the medium-term future no longer seems an unrealistic prospect, which fully justifies the growing interest and policy support for these technologies around the world. Broader contextHydrogen and fuel cells have arguably suffered a 'lost decade' after high expectations in the 2000s failed to materialise. Three factors are enabling the sector to regain momentum. Firstly, improvements in technology and manufacturing mean that systems which cost $60 000 in 2005 are now cost $10 000. Secondly, commercial products are becoming widely available, and significant uptake is occurring in specific sectors such as Japanese microgeneration and US forklift trucks. Thirdly, a strengthened global resolve to mitigate climate change is coupled with increasing realisation that clean power alone is insufficient, due to the complexity of decarbonising heat and transport. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art update on hydrogen and fuel cells across transport, heat, industry, electricity generation and storage, spanning the technologies, economics, infrastructure requirements and government policies. It defines the many roles that these technologies can play in the near future, as a flexible and versatile complement to electricity, and in offering end-users more choice over how to decarbonise the energy services they rely on. While there are strong grounds for believing that hydrogen and fuel cells can experience a cost and performance trajectory similar to those of solar PV and batteries, several challenges must still be overcome for hydrogen and fuel cells to finally live up to their potential.

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“…Green hydrogen produced via water electrolysis has several advantages compared to alternative low-carbon hydrogen production pathways. It exhibits a very high purity with more than 99.9%, 10 thereby avoiding additional cleaning steps. 11–14 Further, electrolysis can provide grid balancing services converting “excess electricity” from wind and solar peaks to hydrogen when dynamic electrolysis operation is possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

Terlouw

¹

,

Bauer

²

,

McKenna

³

et al. 2022

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…269 Electrolysis can generate hydrogen at pressures up to 200 bar with higher efficiency than mechanical technologies. 264 Less mature technologies include electrochemical, ionic and hydride compressors (Table 5). 31 Liquefaction.…”

Section: Hydrogen Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 An alternative to PSA is pressure-driven diffusion membranes, typically palladium-based. Current palladium filters achieve + Commercially available -Low efficiency (B70%) and expensive + Wide operating range -Poor reliability due to many moving parts -Regular maintenance due to start-ups -Purification due to oil contamination High-pressure electrolysis 246,264 + High efficiency -Strong materials needed (increasing cost) + Production at 50-200 bar -Increased cross-over and back-diffusion losses + High temperature reduces energy use -Long start-up times requires stable supply Electrochemical 7,271,272 + High efficiency -Strong materials needed (increasing cost) + 1000 bar demonstrated -Back-diffusion and resistive losses + High reliability (no moving parts)…”

Section: Hydrogen Puritymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Staffell¹,

Scamman²,

Abad³

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogen technologies have experienced cycles of excessive expectations followed by disillusion.Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence suggests these technologies form an attractive option forthe deep decarbonisation of global energy systems, and that recent improvements in their cost andperformance point towards economic viability as well. This paper is a comprehensive review of thepotential role that hydrogen could play in the provision of electricity, heat, industry, transport andenergy storage in a low-carbon energy system, and an assessment of the status of hydrogen in beingable to fulfil that potential. The picture that emerges is one of qualified promise: hydrogen is wellestablished in certain niches such as forklift trucks, while mainstream applications are now forthcoming.Hydrogen vehicles are available commercially in several countries, and 225,000 fuel cell home heatingsystems have been sold. This represents a step change from the situation of only five years ago. Thisreview shows that challenges around cost and performance remain, and considerable improvements arestill required for hydrogen to become truly competitive. But such competitiveness in the medium-termfuture no longer seems an unrealistic prospect, which fully justifies the growing interest and policysupport for these technologies around the world.

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Hydrogen production using high-pressure electrolyzers

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system

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