Large-scale hydrogen production <i>via</i> water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

Terlouw, Tom; Bauer, Christian; McKenna, Russell; Mazzotti, Marco

doi:10.1039/d2ee01023b

Cited by 305 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…As a prominent half-reaction, the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has attracted great attention in the diverse energy-related realm, such as producing clean hydrogen from overall water splitting, fuel cells, renewable metal-air batteries, and CO 2 reduction. − Unfortunately, in practical applications, the actual potential to drive OER is as high as 1.8 V, even to 2.0 V, much higher than 1.23 V, the theoretical thermodynamics potential. , This high input potential inevitably causes extra energy consumption. Therefore, replacing OER with more easily oxidizable species is an effective and environmentally friendly way. , Among them, the urea oxidation reaction (UOR), which has a lower theoretical voltage of only 0.37 V cuts a striking figure. − Moreover, UOR holds great significance for the treatment of urea-rich industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. , Thus, UOR is an ideal alternative to the conventional OER.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni₅P₄ by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Cao

Sun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The urea oxidation reaction (UOR), a competitive substitute for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), holds superior potential to meet the upsurge of renewable energy conversion due to low theoretical potential while the sluggish UOR kinetics impede its practical application. In this report, for the first time, we demonstrate that the UOR activity of Ni5P4 is improved via V incorporation. The novel amorphous V-doped Ni5P4 (V10%-Ni5P4) microflower structure with optimized electronic structure was prepared by a solvothermal–phosphorization process. With V atoms involved, the V10%-Ni5P4 microflowers are assembled by much thinner, denser nanosheet units compared with the Ni5P4 counterpart, which endows it with more active sites, enhanced mass transfer, conductivity, and better wettability. The V10%-Ni5P4 microflowers exhibit outstanding UOR activity of 282 mA cm–2 at 1.6 V vs RHE with a low Tafel slope (36.1 mV dec–1). Furthermore, the urea-assisted electrolytic cell only needs 1.44 V to provide 50 mA cm–2 and the urea-assisted rechargeable Zn-Air battery (uZAB) is illustrated to have a higher open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V and possesses a lower potential gap than that Pt/Ir-based uZABs. This report sheds light on the role of vanadium in crystallization and structure optimization and lays the foundation for developing new UOR electrocatalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni₅P₄ by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Cao

Sun

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…An integrated techno‐economic analysis (Figure 11e) indicates that the H 2 production costs of grid connected systems [30.41∼57.61 €/kg H 2 ] are much more expensive than off grid systems [6.23∼7.86 €/kg H 2 ] because the additional battery backup option (battery contribution is above 50 % in total price in Figure 11f) is considered in off grid systems for enabling continuous power supply [67] . Even though off grid systems have a considerable impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO 2 emission per kg H 2 production) [68] and have a positive effect on the STH efficiency as well, [6l,70] the total cost seems much higher than that of grid‐based systems. Therefore, further optimization studies on off grid based integrated systems need to be conducted especially in reducing the battery price.…”

Section: Photovoltaic‐electrochemical Cells For Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Photovoltaic‐Electrochemical Cells for Hydrogen Production from Water ‐ Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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Hydrogen is regarded as a very important pillar for the future energy supply because it is readily available from water and can be used for environmentally friendly electricity generation. Hydrogen can be produced in various ways. Water splitting powered by renewable resources (e. g., solar, wind, etc.) can be an ideal way of hydrogen generation in the future since this approach can achieve true net-zero carbon dioxide emissions. This review article is aimed at giving an overview of the state-of-the-art hydrogen generation driven by photovoltaics (PVs) on a relatively large-scale (with PV area > 50 cm 2 ). The basic knowledge/principle of (PV-driven) water splitting is introduced in the beginning part. Then, different types of PV-driven water splitting devices and the recent advances in scalable PVelectrochemical water splitting devices are intensively reviewed in the middle part. Finally, cost predictions and challenges that need to be addressed are presented at the end of this article.

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“…Ideally, H 2 should be synthesized using renewable energy (green H 2 ) [ 3 ]. However, most H 2 is currently produced by the reforming of methane (gray H 2 ) with a huge amount of CO 2 (10 kg CO 2 /1 kg H 2 ) [ 4 ]. This requires carbon capture and utilization/storage (CCUS) technology to prohibit CO 2 emission to the atmosphere after the gas reforming (blue H 2 ) [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced Mineral Carbonation of MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aerosol Methods at Room Temperature

et al. 2023

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Magnesium oxide (MgO) has been investigated as a wet mineral carbonation adsorbent due to its relatively low adsorption and regeneration temperatures. The carbon dioxide (CO2) capture efficiency can be enhanced by applying external force on the MgO slurry during wet carbonation. In this study, two aerosol-processed MgO nanoparticles were tested with a commercial MgO one to investigate the external force effect on the wet carbonation performance at room temperature. The MgO nano-adsorbents were carbonated and sampled every 2 h up to 12 h through forced and non-forced wet carbonations. Hydrated magnesium carbonates (nesquehonite, artinite and hydromagnesite) were formed with magnesite through both wet carbonations. The analyzed results for the time-dependent chemical compositions and physical shapes of the carbonation products consistently showed the enhancement of wet carbonation by the external force, which was at least 4 h faster than the non-forced carbonation. In addition, the CO2 adsorption was enhanced by the forced carbonation, resulting in a higher amount of CO2 being adsorbed by MgO nanoparticles than the non-forced carbonation, unless the carbonation processes were completed. The adsorbed amount of CO2 was between the maximum theoretical amounts of CO2 adsorbed by nesquehonite and hydromagnesite.

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Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

Abstract: Low-carbon (green) hydrogen can be generated via water electrolysis using photovoltaic, wind, hydropower, or decarbonized grid electricity. This work quantifies current and future costs as well as environmental burdens of...

Cited by 305 publications

References 80 publications

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni₅P₄ by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni₅P₄ by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Scalable Photovoltaic‐Electrochemical Cells for Hydrogen Production from Water ‐ Recent Advances

Forced Mineral Carbonation of MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aerosol Methods at Room Temperature

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Large-scale hydrogen production via water electrolysis: a techno-economic and environmental assessment

Abstract: Low-carbon (green) hydrogen can be generated via water electrolysis using photovoltaic, wind, hydropower, or decarbonized grid electricity. This work quantifies current and future costs as well as environmental burdens of...

Cited by 305 publications

References 80 publications

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni5P4 by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni5P4 by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Scalable Photovoltaic‐Electrochemical Cells for Hydrogen Production from Water ‐ Recent Advances

Forced Mineral Carbonation of MgO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Aerosol Methods at Room Temperature

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Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni₅P₄ by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices

Boosting Urea Electrooxidation Activity of Ni₅P₄ by Vanadium Doping for Urea-Assisted Renewable Energy Conversion Devices