Hydrogenation of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite in Liquid Ammonia

Abstract

We have prepared hydrogenated single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes, as well as graphite, via a dissolved metal reduction method in liquid ammonia. The hydrogenated derivatives are thermally stable up to 400°C. Above 400°C, a characteristic decomposition takes place accompanied with the simultaneous formations of hydrogen and a small amount of methane. Transmission electron micrographs show corrugation and disorder of the nanotube walls and the graphite layers due to hydrogenation. The average hydrogen contents determined from the yield of evolved hydrogen correspond to the compositions of C 11 H for both types of nanotubes and C 5 H for graphite. Hydrogenation occurred even on the inner tubes of multiwall nanotubes as shown by the chemical composition and the overall corrugation. The thermal stability and structural results suggest the formation of C-H bonds in nanotubes and graphite.

Carbon Nanotube‐based Vectors for Delivering Immunotherapeutics and Drugs

“…It was also demonstrated that metallic SWNTs showed higher reactivity in these types of reactions than semiconductive SWNTs, which would allow CNT separation [134]. [135], CNTs were reacted with strong nucleophilic reagents such as nucleophilic carbene [128], sec-butyllithium [136], polymeric carbanions [137] and Birch reduction reagents (lithium/1,2-diaminoethane [108] or lithium/ammonia [138]) to form various f -CNTs (Scheme 3.4).…”

Improved dehydrogenation/rehydrogenation performance of LiBH4 by doping mesoporous Fe2O3 or/and TiF3

“…As a response, new energies, e.g., solar energy, wind energy, nuclear energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, bioenergy, and hydrogen energy, have been intensively investigated for the replacement of traditional energy. Hydrogen is a promising candidate for the next generation of energy careers due to its high energy conversion efficiency, zero emission, renewable, and abundant resources [1][2][3][4]. A commercially available hydrogen storage material with low-cost, high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen densities, fast sorption kinetics, and safe and efficient storage is necessary for the development of a hydrogen economy for transportation [5].…”

Role of atomic scale interfaces in the compressive behavior of carbon nanotubes in composites

“…Chemical modification of the surface of nanotube is expected to enhance the interface shear strength. Researchers have successfully modified the surface of CNTs with different functional groups [28][29][30] and the use of these fibers for composites is expected to enhance the mechanical properties [31,32]. In an earlier study we have used molecular dynamics simulations of pullout tests to show that the chemical modification of nanotube surfaces through functionalization is expected to enhance the interface strength significantly [32].…”