Hydrolysis of Wood Cellulose with Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfur Dioxide and the Decomposition of its Hydrolytic Products.

Harris, Elwin E.; Kline, Albert A.

doi:10.1021/j150468a003

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…It is notable, however, from earlier literature that temperature and acidic strength may provide efficient tools worth considering for successful extraction procedures, and an increase of 10ëC in temperature has a much greater effect on the rate of hydrolysis than doubling the acid concentration. 60 In addition to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid has also been used for hydrolysis extraction, leading to less stable suspensions due to smaller amounts of induced anionic groups on the crystal surfaces. 61±63 The smaller amount of surface charges results in the solutions not exhibiting the same gel-like properties and not dispersing in polar solvents as well as cellulose nanocrystals extracted by sulfuric acid solutions.…”

Section: Extraction By Chemical Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanofillers for food packaging

Olsson

Fogelström

Martínez‐Sanz³

et al. 2011

Multifunctional and Nanoreinforced Polymers for Food Packaging

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Section: Extraction By Chemical Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanofillers for food packaging

Olsson

Fogelström

Martínez‐Sanz³

et al. 2011

Multifunctional and Nanoreinforced Polymers for Food Packaging

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“…Im Viererstück reagieren die Randbindungen wahrscheinlich mit einer mittleren Geschwindigkeit,*' die zwischen K 3 und K" liegt, aber von K 3 nur wenig verschieden ist, während die Konstante der Mittelbindung ähnlich wie K» ist, aber um einen kleinen Betrag nach K a hinneigt (12 (53). Durch jodometrische Bestimmung der Aldehydgruppen wurden die Konstanten des hydrolytischen Zerfalls ermittelt; gleichzeitig wurden die Veränderungen der optischen Drehung zur Beobachtung des Reaktions verlauf es herangezogen.…”

Section: Die Hydrolyse Der Celluloseunclassified

Chemie und Technik der Säurehydrolyse des Holzes. I. Chemische Betrachtungen

Wenzl¹

1954

Holzforschung

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Die Umsetzungen des Holzes mit Wasser^ Salzlösungen, Säuren oder Basen spielen nicht nur für die chemische Erforschung des Heizkörpers, sondern auch für seine technologische Verwertung eine überragende Rolle. Die meisten Reaktionen, denen Holz unterworfen wird, schließen eine Hydrolyse direkt oder indirekt ein. Die heterogene Zusammensetzung des Holzes aus Cellulose mit primären, sekundären und tertiären Hydroxylgruppen, aus Lignin mit phenolischen, alkoholischen und pseudoacidischen Gruppen, aus Hemicellulosen mit ihren Lakton-, Acetal-, Ätherund Estergruppen, den Wasserstoffbrücken reaktionsaktiver Gruppen und der teilweise kristallinen und teilweise amorphen Struktur der Cellulose schafft zahllose Reaktionsmöglichkeiten. Viele Mikroorganismen, wie Pilze, Enzyme, Bakterien, aber auch der Luftsauerstoff, das Licht und die Wärme vermögen die Hydrolyse auszulösen oder zu steigern. Das Studium der hydrolytischen Vorgänge hat daher die Holzforschung schon seit langem beschäftigt und befruchtet (1).

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“…In the biochemical platform of biomass conversion, a pretreatment step is required to open up the biomass structures, relocate lignin, or to partially hydrolyze hemicelluloses [8][9][10][11]. Dilute acid pretreatment is one of the leading technologies, among several other approaches [12][13][14]. The disadvantages of the dilute acid pretreatment include the high equipment cost, and the detrimental effect on the environment with regard to acid disposal and recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Energetics and Effects of Solvents on Cellulose Hydrolysis Using a Polymeric Acid Catalyst

Sun

Qian

2018

Applied Sciences

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Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory.Abstract: A novel polymeric acid catalyst immobilized on a membrane substrate was found to possess superior catalytic activity and selectivity for biomass hydrolysis. The catalyst consists of two polymer chains, a poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) polymer chain for catalyzing carbohydrate substrate, and a neighboring poly(vinyl imidazolium chloride) ionic liquid (PIL) polymer chain for promoting the solvation of the PSSA chain to enhance the catalytic activity. In order to elucidate the mechanism and determine the energetics of biomass catalytic processing using this unique catalyst, classical molecular dynamics (MD) coupled with metadynamics (MTD) simulations were conducted to determine the free energy surfaces (FES) of cellulose hydrolysis. The critical role that PIL plays in the catalytic conversion is elucidated. The solvation free energy and the interactions between PSSA, PIL, and cellulose chains are found to be significantly affected by the solvent. metadynamics (CPMD-MTD) simulations [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] to elucidate the energetics and mechanisms of acid-catalyzed catalytic conversions, including cellulose hydrolysis, glucose ring opening, glucose dehydration, and isomerization reactions. The barriers of these reactions are found to strongly affect by the solvent. A partially dehydrated environment could potentially reduce the activation barrier and facilitate the hydrolysis reaction.Inspired by action of cellulase enzymes, a polymeric solid acid catalyst consisting of two adjacent nanostructures was synthesized and immobilized on a porous membrane substrate to mimic the function of cellulase. The poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) chain hydrolyzes the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, whereas the neighboring poly(vinyl imidazolium chloride) ionic liquid (PIL) chain enhances the solvation of the PSSA chain and facilitates the dissolution of cellulose by breaking the intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the neighboring cellulose chains. The schematic interaction between the polymeric acid catalyst and cellulose is shown in Figure 1. The polymeric acid catalyst can operate at higher temperatures than cellulase enzymes, overcoming the limitations of biocatalysts to speed up the reaction rates significantly [32,33]. This designed polymeric acid catalyst was successfully synthesized and studied [34][35][36]. More than 97% total reduction of sugar (TRS) yield was obtained in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([EMIM]Cl) solution using cellulose as a substrate at a mild temperature of 130 • C. More recently, the depolymerization of lignocellulosic corn over the biomass was conducted using the optimized polymeric catalyst. Near-quantitative TRS yields were obtained in IL and IL/H 2 O mixed solvents for dilute acid, base, and stream-pretreated samples obtained from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [35]. In addition, ove...

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Hydrolysis of Wood Cellulose with Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfur Dioxide and the Decomposition of its Hydrolytic Products.

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Cellulose nanofillers for food packaging

Cellulose nanofillers for food packaging

Chemie und Technik der Säurehydrolyse des Holzes. I. Chemische Betrachtungen

Elucidating the Energetics and Effects of Solvents on Cellulose Hydrolysis Using a Polymeric Acid Catalyst

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