Hydroprocessing of Low-Temperature Coal Tar for the Production of Clean Fuel over Fluorinated NiW/Al₂O₃–SiO₂ Catalyst

Abstract

Hydroprocessing of low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) for the production of clean fuel was investigated over fluorinated NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. A series of NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 catalysts with different F-loading were prepared by incipient wetness coimpregnation and characterized by various techniques such as nitrogen adsorption, FT-IR, XRD, SEM TPD-NH3, and XPS. The effects on the yield, properties of liquid products, and gas components from using fluorinated NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 catalysts were discussed. In addition, coke formation was also evaluated by TG-DTG. The result showed that the introduction of F influenced both acidity and active phase while have little effect on crystalline structure of NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 catalysts. Lower F-loading in the NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 catalysts not only improved catalytic performance but also was helpful to improve some of the physicochemical properties of liquid product including dynamic viscosity, density, distillation range and hydrocarbon content, and so on. The optimal F concentration to NiW/Al2O3–SiO2 is 1.0 wt %, at which the highest naphtha and diesel yield was obtained due to its appropriate acid distribution and more active phase. Meanwhile, liquid product produced displayed the lowest N content (78.6 ug/g) and density (0.8507 g/mL). Furthermore, compared with feedstock, phenols almost disappeared and phenyl cycloalkanes (PCA) and cycloalkanes (CA) are rich in hydrogenated product.

Selective hydrodeoxygenation of p-cresol as a model for coal tar distillate on Ni–M/SiO2 (M = Ce, Co, Sn, Fe) bimetallic catalysts

“…11,12 The traditional catalyst used in hydrotreating coal tar is generally a sulded catalyst which contains g-Al 2 O 3 as a carrier and is loaded with active metals such as Ni, W, Co, and Mo. [13][14][15] The sulfurized CoMo/g-Al 2 O 3 catalysts used in studies on phenol hydrodeoxygenation possess both high reactivity and high selectivity but are deactivated easily. 16,17 Senol 18 studied HDO experiments of phenol on sulded CoMo/ Al 2 O 3 and NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts.…”

Investigation on Component Separation and Structure Characterization of Medium-Low Temperature Coal Tar

“…The main fossil fuels, petroleum, natural gas, and coal are not only important energy sources but also feedstock for the modern chemical industry [1]. However, with the decline of crude oil prices and the sharp fluctuations of global oil prices, there is an urgent need to find alternative energy sources and solutions [2]. China, as the biggest developing country in the world, has significant reserves of low-rank coal deposits [3].…”

Hydroprocessing of low-temperature coal tar to produce jet fuel

“…Exploration of an alternative energy is urgently needed to ensure national defence safety and national interests. 1 In this context, some alternative new energy sources such as bio-oil, shale oil and coal-derived liquid have been developed. [2][3][4][5] However, there are still some problems with bio-oil, such as low heat value and fast aging, which restricts the development and application of industrialization.…”

“…[2][3][4][5] However, there are still some problems with bio-oil, such as low heat value and fast aging, which restricts the development and application of industrialization. 1 Coal tar is a by-product of coal processing and its output accounts for about 2.5-10% of coal. China has a large number of coal resources, which produce a large amount of coal tar each year.…”

“…At present, the technology for hydrotreating LTCT to produce clean liquid fuels has achieved an enormous breakthrough, 1,[9][10][11][12][13] which also provides some technical support for the preparation of higher value-added oil products. With the rapid development of the aviation industry, the demand for jet fuel is increasing.…”