Hygroscopic equilibrium of cottonseed

Karon, M. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02642129

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In agreement with our findings for tobacco, the seed-covering layers of many oilseeds are known to have higher water uptake capacities compared to the embryos, e.g. the equilibrium moisture content of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed-covering layers is approximately 4% higher compared to the embryos (Karon, 1947;Shatadal and Jayas, 1990;Mazza and Jayas, 1991;American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2001). …”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Water Uptake and Distribution in Germinating Tobacco Seeds Investigated in Vivo by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2005

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The regulation of water uptake of germinating tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seeds was studied spatially and temporally by in vivo 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microimaging and 1 H-magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. These nondestructive state-of-the-art methods showed that water distribution in the water uptake phases II and III is inhomogeneous. The micropylar seed end is the major entry point of water. The micropylar endosperm and the radicle show the highest hydration. Germination of tobacco follows a distinct pattern of events: rupture of the testa is followed by rupture of the endosperm. Abscisic acid (ABA) specifically inhibits endosperm rupture and phase III water uptake, but does not alter the spatial and temporal pattern of phase I and II water uptake. Testa rupture was associated with an increase in water uptake due to initial embryo elongation, which was not inhibited by ABA. Overexpression of b-1,3-glucanase in the seed-covering layers of transgenic tobacco seeds did not alter the moisture sorption isotherms or the spatial pattern of water uptake during imbibition, but partially reverted the ABA inhibition of phase III water uptake and of endosperm rupture. In vivo 13 C-magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy showed that seed oil mobilization is not inhibited by ABA. ABA therefore does not inhibit germination by preventing oil mobilization or by decreasing the water-holding capacity of the micropylar endosperm and the radicle. Our results support the proposal that different seed tissues and organs hydrate at different extents and that the micropylar endosperm region of tobacco acts as a water reservoir for the embryo.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Water Uptake and Distribution in Germinating Tobacco Seeds Investigated in Vivo by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

et al. 2005

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“…Blue lupine seeds seem to attain equilibrium with humidity of the air more slowly than do many other seeds and grains for which results have been reported (4,9,10,11,12,15). This slower rate of absorption of moisture in the vapor phase is coupled, however, with a higher total uptake than is found in many other seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…These seeds showed a slight mold growth, and their relatively high moisture content was no doubt partly attributable to a decrease in seed dry matter due to fungal metabolism or to moisture held by the fungus mycelium itself. Workers using other seeds (4,9,10,11,12,15) figure 2 (B, C) was designed to show the differences between the 6-week and 8-week storage periods in effects on seed-air moisture exchanges throughout the relative humidity range. From the preliminary studies and from these data, it was concluded that naturally dried blue lupine seed apparently requires seven to eight weeks to attain equilibrium with air of high and low relative humidities but not more than six weeks with air of intermediate humidities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is little basis for predicting the hygroscopic equilibrium of a particular type of seeds, except that oil-rich seeds generally have lower equilibria than those of cereal grains. LARMOUR et al (12) and KARON (9) have shown, however, that if recalculated on a lipid-free basis, the hygroscopic equilibria of several types of seeds are brought into rather close agreement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygroscopic Equilibrium and Viability of Naturally and Artificially Dried Blue Lupine Seeds

Brewer¹,

Butt²

1950

Plant Physiol.

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The blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is grown widely in the southeastern states as a winter cover and green manure crop because it yields more green matter and more harvestable seed per acre than do other soil-protecting and soil-building plants used in this region. Several problems in the production of viable blue lupine seed stock, however, have prevented the broad acceptance which this plant merits. Among these are: (1) the mechanical injury to some seeds inevitably resulting from the practice of threshing the crop from immature pods to avoid dehiscent seed losses in the field; (2) the practical difficulty of providing cool, dry storage facilities during the usually hot, humid summer storage period; and (3) the marked decline in germinability which often occurs even under apparently favorable storage conditions (7). Artificial drying and recleaning of seeds at time of harvest have reduced seed losses materially, but the shortage of seeddrying facilities and the necessity for empirical drying methods have delayed the full use of artificial curing potentialities.Blue lupine seeds mechanically dried to about 10% moisture can be safely stored at somewhat higher temperatures and humidities than can most naturally dried lupine seeds. This may be due to drying effects on seed coat permeability or on hygroscopicity of seed colloids. It is more probable, however, that most field-cured seeds are not dried to a safe storage moisture content (12% or less) and may contain even as much as 18% inoisture (13) when apparently dry enough to store.Little work on the physiology of the blue lupine seed has been reported. It often has been noted that the seed is unusually hydrophilic. Blue All of the laboratory hygroscopic equilibrium tests were run in sealed glass containers. In most cases, the seeds were suspended over the humidity control liquid in shallow screenwire baskets to permit greatest possible exposure of the seeds to the moisture of the air. In the 8-weeks storage test using sulphuric acid solutions as the humidifying agent, the seeds were simi larly suspended in wide-mouth shallow glass vials. The humidity control chambers were not opened throughout the period of storage, except for.those in the studies of moisture equilibria of artificially dried seeds. With these latter tests, it was desired to follow the moisture uptake at regular intervals, and the containers were opened weekly to permit weighings of the seeds. BREWER AND BUTT: BLUE LUPINE SEEDSMoisture percentages of these seeds at the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week intervals were calculated from determinations of relative increases in weight of the seeds, based on the assumption that the experimental seeds had the same initial moisture content as seed of the same original source on which moisture percentages had been determined by oven-drying. The BREWER AND BUTT: BLUE LUPINE SEEDSthat can be shown for lupine seeds by use of other methods. The moisture percentage of 37.3% for seeds held at 100%o relative humidity is somewhat higher than has been found with...

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“…Figure 1A shows that cottonseed of low initial moisture and free fatty acids contents did not heat. In seed of higher initial moisture and free fatty --nnmn nun 9 acids contents there was an increasing tendency to heat and aeration was required to control the temperature. (See cross hatching at the bottom of the individual graphs in Figure 1.)…”

Section: Effect Of Storage On Seedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The storage of cottonseed. IX. Behavior of cottonseed during storage under mill conditions

Jensen

Lambou

Andrews

et al. 1951

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Summary The production of heat and the rate of formation of free fatty acids in 20‐ to 40‐ton lots of cottonseed have been found to be dependent on the initial moisture and free fatty acids contents of the seed. Even though sustained aeration controlled the temperature of the seed and reduced the moisture content appreciably, the rate of formation of free fatty acids was rapid in all the tests except those involving seed of initially low or medium moisture and low free fatty acids contents. Losses in oil content proportional to the storage interval occurred.

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Hygroscopic equilibrium of cottonseed

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Water Uptake and Distribution in Germinating Tobacco Seeds Investigated in Vivo by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Water Uptake and Distribution in Germinating Tobacco Seeds Investigated in Vivo by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Hygroscopic Equilibrium and Viability of Naturally and Artificially Dried Blue Lupine Seeds

The storage of cottonseed. IX. Behavior of cottonseed during storage under mill conditions

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