Hyperglycemic memory in metabolism and cancer

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent evidence strongly suggests that prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia can epigenetically modify gene expression profiles in human cells and that this effect is sustained even after hyperglycemic control is therapeutically achieved; this phenomenon is called hyperglycemic memory. This metabolic memory effect contributes substantially to the pathology of various diabetic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, and diabetic nephropathy. Due to the metabolic memory in cells, diabetic patients suffer from various complications, even after hyperglycemia is controlled. With regard to this strong association between diabetes and cancer risk, cancer cells have emerged as key target cells of hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cancer patients. In this review, we will discuss the recent understandings of the molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemic memory in metabolism and cancer.

Treatment with nitric oxide in the neonatal intensive care unit is associated with increased risk of childhood cancer

“…These infants are susceptible to accelerated rates of cell growth from increased insulin‐like growth factor 1 overexpression as a consequence of poorly controlled maternal hyperglycaemia. Indeed, hyperglycaemia itself is now understood to epigenetically modify gene expression profiles in human cells and possibly increase cancer risk even after glycaemic control is regained .…”

Effects of hyperglycemia on the progression of tumor diseases

“…There are conflicting views. Lee et al [60] reported that the risk of prostate cancer was reduced in patients with diabetes. Some metabolic and hormonal factors, including blood glucose and insulin, may involve.…”

Metabolic memory in mitochondrial oxidative damage triggers diabetic retinopathy

“…Intensive studies have been conducted to investigate DR in diabetic complications [ 5 ]. As a consequence, a special phenomenon hyperglycemic memory or metabolic memory has been discovered, which occurs when human cells have prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia conditions even after hyperglycemic control is therapeutically achieved [ 6 , 7 ]. As a result, disease may continue to occur or progress after the patient’s blood glucose has been controlled for a long period of time and cells may continue to be damaged after the high glucose environment has been removed [ 8 , 9 ].…”