Hyperopia: a meta-analysis of prevalence and a review of associated factors among school-aged children

Castagno, Victor Delpizzo; Fassa, Anaclaudia Gastal; Carret, Maria Laura Vidal; Vilela, Manuel Augusto Pereira; Meucci, Rodrigo Dalke

doi:10.1186/1471-2415-14-163

Cited by 67 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Refractive status in each individual was defined as follows: Hyperopia was defined as SE ≥ +2.00 D (Castagno et al. ), myopia was defined as SE ≤ −1.00 D (Tarczy‐Hornoch et al. ) and high myopia was defined as SE ≤ −6.00 D (Guggenheim et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hwang

Park

Heo

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Hwang

Park

Heo

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is well known that hyperopia occurs commonly in young children and decreases in prevalence with age. Castagno et al 27 reported an 8% prevalence of hyperopia in Brazilian 6 year olds, decreasing to 1% at age 15. Gomez-Salazar et al 16 reported a similar prevalence and trend to decreased hyperopia in [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] year olds in Mexico.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hyperopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Ubels

Ismond

Timmermans

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: The population of Tijuana, Mexico is growing rapidly, with a current official population estimate of 1.7 million. Nearly 80,000 people migrate to Tijuana each year, resulting in the rise of neighborhoods with substandard housing, lack of services and inadequate access to health care, including eye care. This study describes refractive errors and the need for corrective lenses among participants attending free clinics in these neighborhoods where they received free eye exams and glasses during January 2016. Methods: This is a retrospective observational chart review of de-identified data collected from intake forms that were filled out for each participant at the clinics. Subjects were self-selected in response to announcements in the neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Subjects with presenting uncorrected visual acuity 20/30 OU or worse were examined with an autorefractor to measure spherical refractive error. Either prescription or reading glasses were then distributed to participants who had refractive errors. Epi Info, an open source program provided by the CDC, was used to analyze demographic, visual acuity and refractive error data. Results: Presenting visual acuity was evaluated in 1209 people. Of these patients, 70% had a visual acuity of 20/30 or worse. Only 23% of these patients had glasses. Among the patients who were given refractions, 13% had clinically significant myopia (-0.75 D or worse in at least one eye). In participants 20 years old and younger, only 8% had clinically significant myopia. Clinically significant hyperopia (+0.75 D or worse in at least one eye) was detected in 25% of participants. Astigmatism (-1.5 D or worse in at least one eye) was present in 18% of participants. Prescription glasses were given to 542 participants and 396 of these people received their first glasses. Reading glasses were given to 386 people. Among students only 15% presented at the clinics with glasses, while it was determined that 56% of student participants needed glasses. Conclusion: The high levels of uncorrected refractive error in this study suggest limited access to affordable eye care in neighborhoods where clinics were conducted. Prevalence of myopia among adolescents and young adults is increasing in many parts of the world. In contrast, a relatively high prevalence of hyperopia was observed in this age group in Tijuana. The data demonstrate an urgent need for eye care and correction of refractive error in the study group.

show abstract

“…Most children who have moderate hyperopia are not strabismic. 3 The underlying hyperopia-the first "hit"-is by itself not sufficient to create esotropia. Other factors-analogous to the second "hit"exist in children who actually manifest the condition: positive family history, reduced stereoacuity, and anisometropia.…”

Section: Replymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply

Clark

Choy

Demer

2019

Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

colleagues 1 have suggested some cases of acquired esotropia that recur after medial rectus recessions are caused by a lateral rectus path anomaly that they refer to as "muscle sag." 1 We find that, as illustrated in the article, it is not unusual to see (and feel) the lateral rectus muscle track toward the floor of the orbit as it courses posteriorly when tension is applied with a muscle hook. This is occasionally so dramatic that we feel compelled to check other landmarks-the inferior oblique insertion, inferotemporal vortex vein and inferior rectus muscle insertion-to assure that the inferior rectus muscle was not isolated by mistake. We see this phenomenon in patients with a variety of strabismus, perhaps most often in exotropia, simply because those are the patients in whom we most frequently have a hook under the lateral rectus muscle. Because recurrent esotropia after surgery for acquired esotropia is likewise not rare, it is hard to know whether the 4 patients selected for also having "muscle sag" are not just a random association. As the authors point out, it would be helpful to know how often recurrent esotropia is associated with this lateral rectus finding and how often patients with this finding have esotropia. The response to myopexy is also not convincing with regard to the authors' proposed mechanism, because it was, in each case, accompanied by lateral rectus resection, which is by itself known to be effective treatment for recurrent esotropia. Myopexy was clearly not definitive treatment in the 1 patient, who initially had myopexy alone but subsequently needed lateral rectus resections when esotropia recurred. The initial response to myopexy in that patient might be taken as evidence that correcting an anomalous muscle path has some effect. Alternatively, consider that a myopexy that displaces the muscle from its natural course, anomalous or not, effectively increases the path length and is functionally similar to a resection (something that should be kept in mind when considering other articles regarding myopexy for muscle path anomalies as well). While certainly a creative explanation, this article does not provide enough evidence to convince us that that this common lateral rectus phenomenon is related to acquired or recurrent esotropia in children.

show abstract

Hyperopia: a meta-analysis of prevalence and a review of associated factors among school-aged children

Cited by 67 publications

References 64 publications

Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Estimating heritability of refractive error in Koreans: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Prevalence of Refractive Error and Need for Corrective Lenses in Medically Underserved Residents of Tijuana, Mexico

Reply

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About