Hypohalous acid-modified human serum albumin induces neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation, degranulation, and shape change

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is rendered enzymatically inactive by myeloperoxidase-derived oxidants but retains its immunomodulatory function

“…Apart from playing a key role in host defence, MPO-derived oxidants have been implicated in pathological conditions by reacting with a number of biological targets [41,42]. More recently, these oxidants have been attributed a signalling role by modulating the activity of the respective target protein or lipids [43][44][45][46].…”

“…Hypochlorous acid contributes to bacterial killing [35], however, it can also react with host proteins [37], lipids [38], carbohydrates [39] and DNA [40], and is implicated as a major contributor to oxidative damage in inflammatory disease [41,42]. Moreover, proteins and lipids modified by hypochlorous acid can play a regulatory role in inflammation [43][44][45][46]. Recent work reports that during the formation of hypothiocyanous acid from thiocyanate, MPO also produces trace amounts of cyanate, which can cause protein carbamylation at sites of inflammation [47].…”

Decomposition of N-Chloroglycine in Alkaline Aqueous Solution: Kinetics and Mechanism

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] These reactions lead to the formation of various N-chlorinated amines under various conditions. 20,21 Hypochlorous acid is formed in vivo by the oxidation of chloride ion with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by the myeloperoxidase enzyme.…”

Hyperoxidized albumin modulates neutrophils to induce oxidative stress and inflammation in severe alcoholic hepatitis

“…Mass adduct modifications of circulating albumin may contribute to reduction of its antioxidant property and may elicit an immune response in SAH patients. Recent studies have reported that in vitro hypohalous acid modified albumin and in vivo produced oxidized HSA in hemodialysis patients trigger neutrophil oxidative burst and degranulation . The potential role of modified circulatory albumin for modulating neutrophil function and production of excessive ROS in SAH patients is important to understand the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis.…”