Hypothyroidism among military infants born in countries of varied iodine nutrition status

Abstract

BackgroundIodine deficiency is a global problem representing the most common preventable cause of mental retardation. Recently, the impact of subtle deficiencies in iodine intake on children and pregnant women has been questioned. This study was designed to compare hypothyroidism among infants born to US military families in countries of varied iodine nutrition status.MethodsA cohort design was used to analyze data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry for infants born in 2000-04 (n = 447,691). Hypothyroidism was defined using ICD-9-CM codes from the first year of life (n = 698). The impact of birth location on hypothyroidism was assessed by comparing rates in Germany, Japan, and US territories with the United States, while controlling for infant gender, plurality, gestational age, maternal age, maternal military status, and military parent's race/ethnicity.ResultsHypothyroidism did not vary by birth location with adjusted odds ratios (OR) as follows: Germany (OR 0.82, [95% CI 0.50, 1.35]), Japan (OR 0.67, [95% CI 0.37, 1.22]), and US territories (OR 1.29, [95% CI 0.57, 2.89]). Hypothyroidism was strongly associated with preterm birth (OR 5.44, [95% CI 4.60, 6.42]). Hypothyroidism was also increased among infants with civilian mothers (OR 1.24, [95% CI 1.00, 1.54]), and older mothers, especially ages 40 years and older (OR 2.09, [95% CI 1.33, 3.30]).ConclusionsIn this study, hypothyroidism in military-dependent infants did not vary by birth location, but was associated with other risk factors, including preterm birth, civilian maternal status, and advanced maternal age.

A Systematic Review on the Risk Factors of Congenital Hypothyroidism

“…Iodine deficiency or excess (18,26,34), gender (31,17), seasonality (5, 13, 20-22, 30, 67) maternal age (12,37,44,61,63), type of delivery (28,62) and maternal anti-thyroid drug use (6,27) were the risk factors with controversial reports. Though their role as CH-related risk factors has been demonstrated in previous studies, the findings are not conclusive.…”

“…Some studies reported advanced maternal age as a risk factor for CH (12,37,44). But some of them have reported such an association only for thyroid dysgenesis (64).…”

Exploring the possible association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric events among children with asthma: a matched nested case‐control study

“…Low socio‐economic status, another prognostic factor, was controlled for by using Medicaid enrollment as a proxy measure. We used the CCS and published literature to identify ICD‐9‐CM codes for the comorbidities . Claims data from the 365‐day pre‐index period were reviewed to identify covariate information.…”

“…We used the CCS and published literature to identify ICD-9-CM codes for the comorbidities. 23,[40][41][42][43] Claims data from the 365-day pre-index period were reviewed to identify covariate information.…”

Iodine, copper, zinc, selenium and molybdenum levels in children aged between 6 and 12 years in the rural area with iodine deficiency and in the city center without iodine deficiency in Hatay

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