<i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i> performance in response to the sugar and amino acid composition of artificial diets, and its relation to lucerne varietal resistance

132

Three mannose‐binding lectins were assayed in artificial diets for their toxic and growth‐inhibitory effects on nymphal development of the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae. The snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin GNA was the most toxic, with an induced nymphal mortality of 42% at 1500 μg ml−1 (30 μM) and an IC50 (50% growth inhibition) of 630 μg ml−1 (13 μM). The daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) lectin NPA and a garlic (Allium sativum) lectin ASA induced no significant mortality in the range 10–1500 μg ml−1, but did result in growth inhibition of 59% (NPA) and 26% (ASA) at 1500 μg ml−1 (40 μM for NPA, 63 μM for ASA). All three lectins were responsible for a slight but significant growth stimulation when ingested at 10 μg ml−1, reaching + 26%, + 18% and + 11% over the control values for the garlic lectin, the daffodil lectin and the snowdrop lectin, respectively. GNA, as well as the glucose/mannose binding lectin Concanavalin A, were also provided at sublethal doses throughout the life cycle of the aphids, and effects on adult performance were monitored. Adult survival was not significantly altered, but both lectins adversely affected total fecundity and the dynamics of reproduction, resulting in significant reduction in calculated rm's (population intrinsic rate of natural increase) on lectin‐containing diets. These effects are discussed in relation to the use of transgenic plants expressing these toxic lectins for potential control of aphid populations.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of GNA and other mannose binding lectins on development and fecundity of the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae

Sauvion¹,

Rahbé²,

Peumans³

et al. 1996

132

“…Feeding by S. festinus on soybean stems has induced increases in oxidative enzymes in leaves including lipoxygenase, peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, and polyphenol oxidase (Felton et al, 1994). Similarly, the performance of aphids often cannot be attributed to concentrations of amino acids and sucrose alone (Rahbé et al, 1988;Ponder et al, 2000). Similarly, the performance of aphids often cannot be attributed to concentrations of amino acids and sucrose alone (Rahbé et al, 1988;Ponder et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also the internal phloem structure of girdled regions is characterized by phloem discontinuity, and the formation of secondary phloem with abundant starch cells Johnson et al, 1988). Based on a wealth of information obtained from aphids, the most commonly studied phloem feeders (Ponder et al, 2000;Rahbé et al, 1988;, it appears that the concentration and balance of amino acids is critical to many aspects of behavior and performance. To our knowledge there have not been studies addressing the behavior or performance of S. festinus on plants or on artificial diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Girdling‐induced nutrient accumulation in above ground tissue of peanuts and subsequent feeding by Spissistilus festinus, the three‐cornered alfalfa hopper

Andersen

Brodbeck

Herzog

2002

Changes in nutrient partitioning in stems and leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were examined after girdling of stems by Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Homoptera:Membracidae), the three-cornered alfalfa hopper. Under field conditions amino acids increased more than 12-fold in concentration in the 2 cm stem section above the girdle compared to below the girdle or control stems for newly formed girdles (less than 7-11 days). Asparagine and proline were the predominant amino acids, and increased 40-and 60-fold, respectively, above the girdle compared to below the girdle. There was no buildup of nutrient assimilates for the older girdled stems that had callused (and presumably recovered from feeding injury). A time course from 1-11 days was followed under greenhouse conditions, and girdled regions remained enriched in sugars for one day and amino acids for four days after girdle formation. After girdle formation most S. festinus responded to nutrient sinks by feeding within 5 mm above the girdle. This behavior was most pronounced one day after girdle formation, but persisted for seven days after girdle formation. During this period a new girdle was often formed within 10 mm above the original girdle. Under field conditions, stems and leaves derived from stems that had sustained an early or late season girdle generally had a reduced dry weight, total nitrogen content, and total carbon content; however, significant differences did not always occur. Thus, although temporary changes occurred in nutrient partitioning in girdled stems, there appears to be longer term negative growth effects on leaves and stems.

“…Moreover, many populations occur with particular host plant preferences (Blackman & Eastop, 1985). Rahbé et al. (1988) and Sandstrom & Pettersson (1994) found that the nutritional factors, that is, primary plant substances (mainly amino acids and sugars), were not responsible for such specialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, many populations occur with particular host plant preferences (Blackman & Eastop, 1985). Rahbé et al (1988) and Sandstrom & Pettersson (1994) found that the nutritional factors, that is, primary plant substances (mainly amino acids and sugars), were not responsible for such specialization. According to del Campo et al (2003), plant acceptance by A. pisum depends on the presence of host-specific chemical compounds, the allelochemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European yellow lupine, Lupinus luteus, and narrow‐leaf lupine, Lupinus angustifolius, as hosts for the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

Kordan

Gabryś

Dancewicz

et al. 2008

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Homoptera: Aphididae), fed, developed, and reproduced on yellow lupine, Lupinus luteus L. (Fabaceae: Genisteae). No clear preferences for any variety within L. luteus were found. Acyrthosiphon pisum showed negative values of relative growth rate and no aphid completed development on any variety of narrow-leaf lupine Lupinus angustifolius L. Aphids did not ingest phloem sap while probing on L. angustifolius and the probes were very short. All varieties of L. angustifolius were rejected by aphids during an early stage of probing in peripheral tissues, that is, epidermis or mesophyll. There were qualitative and quantitative differences in alkaloid and soluble sugar content between the two lupine species. Within species, the relative content of individual compounds differed among the varieties. Lupinus angustifolius contained four quinolizidine alkaloids (13-hydroxylupanine, dehydrolupanine, lupanine, and angustifoline), while L. luteus contained two (lupanine and sparteine). Lupanine occurred in all varieties of both lupine species. The total content of soluble carbohydrates was similar in L. luteus and L. angustifolius . The following cyclitols were found in both lupine species: myo -inositol, D-ononitol, and D-pinitol. Lupinus angustifolius also contained D-chiro -inositol. The study of aphid probing behaviour, development, and reproduction demonstrated that L. luteus is a suitable host plant for A. pisum while L. angustifolius is not. It is likely that the rejection of L. angustifolius by A. pisum was caused by chemical factors detected by aphids at the epidermis and mesophyll level.