<i>Artemisia</i>Species: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Antimalarials—and Back Again

Willcox, Merlin

doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0327

Cited by 110 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Whole-plant A. annua may also have increased activity against malaria parasites due to the synergism among some key flavonoids and artemisinin (9,(50)(51)(52) or by the antimalarial activity of other A. annua constituents independent from artemisinin. A. annua flavonoids including artemetin, casticin, chrysosplenetin, chrysosplenol-D, cirsilineol, eupatorin, isovitexin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, and rutin showed antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (HB3 and 3D7) and chloroquineinsensitive (Dd2, 7G8, K1, and FCR3) strains of P. falciparum in the absence of artemisinin (45,46,(56)(57)(58).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried whole-plant Artemisia annua slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin

Elfawal

Towler

Reich

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Pharmaceutical monotherapies against human malaria have proven effective, although ephemeral, owing to the inevitable evolution of resistant parasites. Resistance to two or more drugs delivered in combination will evolve more slowly; hence combination therapies have become the preferred norm in the fight against malaria. At the forefront of these efforts has been the promotion of Artemisinin Combination Therapy, but despite these efforts, resistance to artemisinin has begun to emerge. In 2012, we demonstrated the efficacy of the whole plant (WP)-not a tea, not an infusion-as a malaria therapy and found it to be more effective than a comparable dose of pure artemisinin in a rodent malaria model. Here we show that WP overcomes existing resistance to pure artemisinin in the rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii. Moreover, in a long-term artificial selection for resistance in Plasmodium chabaudi, we tested resilience of WP against drug resistance in comparison with pure artemisinin (AN). Stable resistance to WP was achieved three times more slowly than stable resistance to AN. WP treatment proved even more resilient than the double dose of AN. The resilience of WP may be attributable to the evolutionary refinement of the plant's secondary metabolic products into a redundant, multicomponent defense system. Efficacy and resilience of WP treatment against rodent malaria provides compelling reasons to further explore the role of nonpharmaceutical forms of AN to treat human malaria. malaria | drug resistance | artemisinin | Plasmodium | evolution

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried whole-plant Artemisia annua slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin

Elfawal

Towler

Reich

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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“…Traditionally it is used to alleviate high fever and treatment of jaundice [3]. Artemisinin, one of the bioactive compounds, with antimalarial activity has been successfully isolated from A. annua [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisinin and Precursor Derived fromIn VitroPlantlets ofArtemisia annuaL.

Appalasamy

Ch'ng

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Artemisia annua L., a medicinal herb, produces secondary metabolites with antimicrobial property. In Malaysia due to the tropical hot climate, A. annua could not be planted for production of artemisinin, the main bioactive compound. In this study, the leaves of three in vitro A. annua L. clones were, extracted and two bioactive compounds, artemisinin and a precursor, were isolated by thin layer chromatography. These compounds were found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but not Candida albicans. Their antimicrobial activity was similar to that of antibactericidal antibiotic streptomycin. They were found to inhibit the growth of the tested microbes at the minimum inhibition concentration of 0.09 mg/mL, and toxicity test using brine shrimp showed that even the low concentration of 0.09 mg/mL was very lethal towards the brine shrimps with 100% mortality rate. This study hence indicated that in vitro cultured plantlets of A. annua can be used as the alternative method for production of artemisinin and its precursor with antimicrobial activities.

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“…Artemisia is a widespread and varied genus of the family Asteraceae with great therapeutic and economic importance. It has greater than 500 species [11, 12]. Artemisia amygdalina is a species of the family Asteraceae having great therapeutic and economic importance .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidiabetic Activity ofArtemisia amygdalinaDecne in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Ghazanfar

Ganai

Akbar

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Artemisia species have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folklore medicine. The current study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Artemisia amygdalina. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hydroethanolic extracts of Artemisia amygdalina were tested for their antidiabetic potentials in diabetic rats. The effect of extracts was observed by checking the biochemical, physiological, and histopathological parameters in diabetic rats. The hydroethanolic and methanolic extracts each at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg b. w significantly reduced glucose levels in diabetic rats. The other biochemical parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins (LDL), serum creatinine, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatise (ALP), were found to be reduced by the hydroethanolic and methanolic extracts. The extracts also showed reduction in the feed and water consumption of diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control. The histopathological results of treated groups showed the regenerative/protective effect on β-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats. The current study revealed the antidiabetic potential of Artemisia amygdalina being effective in hyperglycemia and that it can effectively protect against other metabolic aberrations caused by diabetes in rats, which seems to validate its therapeutic traditional use.

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ArtemisiaSpecies: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Antimalarials—and Back Again

Cited by 110 publications

References 24 publications

Dried whole-plant Artemisia annua slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin

Dried whole-plant Artemisia annua slows evolution of malaria drug resistance and overcomes resistance to artemisinin

Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisinin and Precursor Derived fromIn VitroPlantlets ofArtemisia annuaL.

Antidiabetic Activity ofArtemisia amygdalinaDecne in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

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