At present, there is intensive attention for using natural materials as sustainable resources for bioactive compounds. An interesting aquatic fern that is extensively studied is "Azolla spp.". Azolla is a genus of aquatic ferns and small-leafed floating plants, native to the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas (Mosha, 2018). It is a floating pteridophyte that is symbiotic with the cyanobacterium Anabaena Azollae (Yang et al., 2020). Azolla species were successfully used as a biofertilizer, animal feed, water purifier, biological herbicide and for concentration of nutrients and heavy metals from flood waters (Selvaraj et al., 2014). Azolla was also shown to be a source of bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenols, tannins, sugar, anthraquinone glycosides and steroids, and also rich in protein, vitamin and minerals (Selvaraj et al., 2013). Concerning Azolla spp. the current study overviewed: classification, distribution and important applications in different fields in many countries and in Egypt in particular.