Bursaphelenchus fungivorus from Pinus pinaster bark in Portugal

Abstract

Bursaphelenchus fungivorus is reported for the first time in Portugal, identified as associated with Pinus pinaster bark and characterized on the basis of morphological and morphometrical characters for this species. Species identification was confirmed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA. Intraisolate genetic variability was detected among ITS sequences of the Portuguese B. fungivorus isolate. Phylogenetic analysis, obtained from multiple sequence alignment between ITS sequences of Bursaphelenchus species, revealed that the Portuguese B. fungivorus isolate clusters with other B. fungivorus isolates, forming a separate group close to B. seani highlighting a molecular proximity of these two species.

First report of Bursaphelenchus fungivorus (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) in Italy and an overview of nematodes associated with Crocus sativus L.

“…1). The morphology of the Italian population of B. fungivorus (Table 2) agrees with the original description and with this species found in other countries (Braasch, 2001;Arias et al, 2005;Fonseca et al, 2014).…”

“…Bursaphelenchus fungivorus was also reported on Pinus spp. and associated with Orthotomicus erosus in Spain (Arias et al, 2004(Arias et al, , 2005; and with Pinus pinaster bark in Portugal (Fonseca et al, 2014).…”

First detection ofBursaphelenchus abietinusandB. andrassyiin Italy

“…and host plants and/or insect vectors are reported; B. minutus was extracted from the wood of Pinus strobus, P. halepensis, P. radiata and Pseudotsuga menziesii . Before today, it was found associated with Pinus wallichiana Jackson in India (Walia et al, 2003); Picea abies , Pinus nigra and P. pinea in Italy (Carletti, 2008; Torrini et al., 2017); and P. pinaster in Portugal (Fonseca, Moron‐Lopez, & Abrantes, 2012). Moreover, P. nigra has been indicated as a new host plant for the Bursaphelenchus tusciae .…”

First detection ofBursaphelenchus luxuriosaeassociated withPinus pinasterin Portugal and in Europe

“…Because of the detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , the pinewood nematode (PWN), in Portugal in 1999, the national forestry authority has carried out intensive annual monitoring surveys in pine forests, with several thousands of wood samples collected per year. To date, these surveys have enabled the identification of eleven Bursaphelenchus species in the country ( B. antoniae , B. fungivorus , B. hellenicus , B. leoni , B. minutus , B. mucronatus , B. pinasteri , B. pinophilus , B. sexdentati , B. tusciae and B. xylophilus ) (Fonseca, Cardoso, Moron‐Lopez, & Abrantes, ; Fonseca, Moron‐Lopez, & Abrantes, ; Mota et al., ; Penas, Bravo, Naves, Bonifácio, & Mota, ; Penas, Correia, Bravo, Mota, & Tenreiro, ; Penas, Metge, Mota, & Valadas, ; Vieira & Mota, ), mainly associated with maritime pine trees ( Pinus pinaster ), with only two in the xylophilus‐ group, namely B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus (Mota et al., ; Penas et al., ). More recently, B. xylophilus was also detected for the first time in Austrian pine ( Pinus nigra ) in Portugal (Inácio et al., ).…”