“…Previously, numerous oncogenic signaling pathways, including the PI3 kinase‐AKT, β‐catenin‐WNT, Hedgehog/GLI, ERK‐MAPK, JNK, and NF‐κB pathways, have been studied and demonstrated to be involved in H. pylori pathogenesis . In this study, we confirmed that some of those signaling pathways are involved in H. pylori ‐associated gastric cancer, such as focal adhesion, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, epithelial cell signaling, and the NF‐κB and Hedgehog signaling pathways.…”