<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Vaccines: Is DNA the Answer?

Emancipator, Douglas; Nedrud, John G.; Czinn, Steven J.

doi:10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00452.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The use of an H. pylori DNA vaccine containing built‐in adjuvants has been advocated recently as it can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in the host and can significantly decrease H. pylori colonization in immunized mice [157]. Further research is needed to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of such H. pylori DNA vaccines in nonhuman primates and then eventually in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Vaccines: A Review

Kabir

2007

Helicobacter

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Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative flagellate bacterium that infects the stomach of more than half of the global population, is regarded as the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and even gastric adenocarcinoma in some individuals. Although the bacterium induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses, it can persist in the host for decades. It has several virulence factors, some of them having vaccine potential as judged by immunoproteomic analysis. A few vaccination studies involving a small number of infected or uninfected humans with various H. pylori formulations such as the recombinant urease, killed whole cells, and live Salmonella vectors presenting the subunit antigens have not provided satisfactory results. One trial that used the recombinant H. pylori urease coadministered with native Escherichia coli enterotoxin (LT) demonstrated a reduction of H. pylori load in infected participants. Although extensive studies in the mouse model have demonstrated the feasibility of both therapeutic and prophylactic immunizations, the mechanism of vaccine-induced protection is poorly understood as several factors such as immunoglobulin and various cytokines do not contribute to protection. Transcriptome analyses in mice have indicated the role of nonclassical immune factors in vaccine-induced protection. The role of regulatory T cells in the persistence of H. pylori infection has also been suggested. A recently developed experimental H. pylori infection model in humans may be used for testing several new adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems that have been currently obtained. The use of vaccines with appropriate immunogens, routes of immunization, and adjuvants along with a better understanding of the mechanism of immune protection may provide more favorable results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Vaccines: A Review

Kabir

2007

Helicobacter

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“…Nonetheless, developing a successful vaccine is proving to be more difficult than earlier thought, perhaps because H pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa without crossing the epithelium, making the bacterium inaccessible to many immune effector mechanisms. 8 In many studies, immunization not only prevented new H pylori infection but also cured animals of ongoing infection, paving the way for design of both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.…”

confidence: 99%

“…Although DNA vaccines have not reached their full potential, they could become feasible for treating H pylori infection in the future. 8…”

Section: Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Vaccine: From Past to Future

Agarwal

2008

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent worldwide and is an important cause of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALToma), and gastric adenocarcinoma. Infection is usually acquired during childhood and tends to persist unless treated. Because eradication requires treatment with multidrug regimens, prevention of initial infection by a suitable vaccine is attractive. Although immunization with H pylori protein subunits has been encouraging in animals, similar vaccine trials in humans have shown adjuvant-related adverse effects and only moderate effectiveness. Newer immunization approaches (use of DNA, live vectors, bacterial ghosts, and microspheres) are being developed. Several questions about when and whom to vaccinate will need to be appropriately answered, and a cost-effective vaccine production and delivery strategy will have to be useful for developing countries. For this review, we searched MEDLINE using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms Helicobacter pylori and vaccines for articles in English from 1990 to 2007.

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“…Oral immunization of mice with live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium expressing the HP‐NAP gene achieved induction of specific immunoglobulins A and G both in sera and at the gastrointestinal level, suggesting that an oral DNA vaccine with HP‐NAP may be part of a new effective vaccination program against H. pylori infection [45]. The use of an H. pylori DNA vaccine containing built‐in adjuvants was able to significantly decrease H. pylori colonization in immunized mice [46].…”

Section: Towards An Effective Vaccinementioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccines

D’Elios

Andersen

2007

Helicobacter

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Helicobacter pylori infects almost 50% of the world population and is the major cause of gastroduodenal diseases. H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa, activates Toll-like and Nod-like receptors, and usually elicits a T helper 1 (Th1) type of immune response, fully polarized in peptic ulcer patients. Among several bacterial factors, the neutrophil-activating protein represents a key factor driving Th1 inflammation. A complex and fascinating balance between H. pylori and host factors takes part in the gastric niche and allows the majority of infected individuals to be without any symptom during their entire life. Novel insights into the innate and adaptive responses against H. pylori, dealing with regulatory T cells and cytokines, CTLA-4 molecule, cholesterol glucosylation, and immune evasion have been elucidated during the past year and are discussed for the development of an effective vaccine.

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Helicobacter pylori Vaccines: Is DNA the Answer?

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

The Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Vaccines: A Review

The Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Vaccines: A Review

Helicobacter pylori Vaccine: From Past to Future

Helicobacter pylori Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccines

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