In vitro and in vivo evaluation of porous TiNi-based alloy as a scaffold for cell tissue engineering

Abstract

This study aims to look into the applicability of a porous TiNi-based shape memory alloy (SMA) scaffold as an incubator for bone marrow mesenchymal cells, hepatocytes, and pancreatic islet cells. The porous TiNi-based SMA used was fabricated using a self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique, in which scaffold blocks measuring 4 × 4 × 10 mm were prepared. In vitro tests were done using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from mature bone marrow of CBA/j inbred mice, and cultured in 3 different culture media - Control medium, Osteogenic medium, and Chondrogenic medium. Hepatocytes and islet cells were isolated from the livers and pancreatic glands of Wistar rats respectively, seeded on porous TiNi-based SMA scaffolds, and cultured. The scaffolds were then implanted into the abdominal cavity of Wistar rats and later harvested, at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, post-implantation. SEM imaging was performed with pre-implanted scaffolds at day 0 and harvested scaffolds at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, post-implantation. Based on weight increase percentages, the in vitro study revealed that the osteogenic group showed a 2-fold increase, and the chondrogenic group showed a 1.33-fold increase, compared to the control group. The in vivo study, on the other hand, showed that from day 7 post-implantation, the cellular in-growth gradually invaded the inner porous structure from the periphery towards the center, and at day-28 post-implantation, all pores were closed and completely filled with cells and the extracellular matrix. The results show that porous TiNi-based SMA is a unique biocompatible incubator for cell cultures and can be successfully used for tissue bioengineering and artificial organs.

Biocompatibility and Clinical Application of Porous TiNi Alloys Made by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)

“…The high in vivo/vitro inertness of PTN is conditioned by the negligible anodic dissolution of the dynamically loaded PTN sample in simulated body fluids [6,7,8,9,25,28]. In the early in vivo terms, the anodic passivity of the PTN scaffold is beneficial for the attachment, cytocompatibility, and proliferation of seeded precursor cells as it sustains the formation of manifold tissular variants, reported in References [45,46,47,48,49]. Afterwards, a newly formed interface (e.g., bone regenerate) owes its vitality to the two factors as follows: (i) Continuing superficial anodic passivity of the PTN scaffold and (ii) minimum viscoelastic discrepancy between the surrounding bone tissue and the PTN matrix.…”

The Effect Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation in the Development of the Cells in the Porous Permeable Titanium Nickel Based Alloy Scaffold

“…These effects can be clearly observed at amplified intensity of natural light when blood circulation in capillaries and vessels accelerates [1][2][3].…”

“…The level of the radiation effect on the cell biosystem depends on numerous parameters (wavelength, radiation energy, and duration of the process) [2,4].…”

Features of Cells Integration on TiNi-based Porous Scaffold

“…Porous TiNi-based scaffolds allow continually to keep the functionality cells and [14,15]. In this regard, this study to look into determine the optimum size characteristics of the porous incubator of TiNi-based alloy necessary for best development of 3T3 cells.…”