In-vitro evaluation of enteric coated insulin tablets containing absorption enhancer and enzyme inhibitor

Abstract

To date, limited studies combine the overall effectiveness of multiple excipients. Our study showed that the coated tablets have an immediate release effect in phosphate buffer. In Glut-4 translocation assay, insulin was still functional after releasing from the tablet. Such tablet formulation can be potentially beneficial to type 1 diabetes patients.

C2C12 cell model: its role in understanding of insulin resistance at the molecular level and pharmaceutical development at the preclinical stage

“…As the changes in glucose uptake, GLUT-4 mRNA transcription and PGC-1a were prominent, and C2C12 myoblasts that were exposed to continuous insulin treatment during differentiation would be a useful model to mimic insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. [42] Exposure of C2C12 cells to deep-sea water containing chitosan Chitosan [43][44][45] and deep-sea water have recently gained attention in pharmaceutical and biomedical research. Balanced deep-sea water can be prepared by mixing mineral extracts (magnesium, potassium, calcium, selenium, Figure 2 The role of C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line in understanding of insulin resistance and its applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical research.…”

“…[51] For chitosan, it possesses several favourable therapeutic effects including antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidaemia, anti-obesity and antitumour. [43][44][45] One of the studies examined the influences of deep-sea water containing chitosan on glucose uptake and their impact on molecular mechanism in C2C12 myotubes. [9] In the absence of insulin, it was found that balanced deep-sea water containing chitosan exerted a synergistic effect in glucose uptake by stimulating both insulin-dependent and -independent pathways.…”

“…Regulating the cellular uptake of natural and drug compounds in physiological environment is essential for safe and effective development of drug delivery systems. [44,204] Submicron-sized drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, [205] microparticles [206] and liposomes, [207] can effectively increase the bioavailability of active compounds in targeted sites. Ligand-modified drug delivery systems can recognise targeted membrane protein, receptor and transporter to enhance cellular uptake of drugs.…”

Pharmaceutical Application of Tablet Film Coating

“…Among various strategies to overcome these absorption barriers and low bioavailability of macromolecules, enteric coating is the most actively pursued strategy alone or in combination with other approaches [ 49 ]. Wong et al [ 50 ] developed an enteric coated-insulin tablet composed of chitosan (absorption enhancer), sodium glycocholate (enzyme inhibitor), and an enteric coating layer with cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate. This enteric coated tablet displayed minimal insulin release at acidic pH and effectively increased insulin-dependent Glut-4 translocation [ 50 ].…”

Electrochemically driven reagent release from an electronic suture

“…The rationale revolves around the encapsulation of the model drug (Toluidine Blue O, TBO) within cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) droplets which are dispersed along the length a gold micro wire (25-100 m diameter) as indicated in Figure 1. The CAP polymer binder is pH sensitive and is extensively used in oral tablet formulations to enable delivery of drug to the intestine where the alkaline environment dissolves the protective coating [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Thus, it was envisaged that upon the imposition of a suitably reducing potential (-1V to -2V) at the gold electrode, the local pH is increased and the CAP droplets should dissolve and thereby release the drug [17].…”