In vitro gas production of foliage from three browse tree species treated with different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of foliages from three browse trees (Pithecellobium dulce, Heliocarpus velutinus and Guazuma ulmifolia). Mixture of EFE product was added to the leaves of the three browse tree species at three dose levels: 0 (control), 3.5 and 7.0 mg/g of DM. Chemical composition of the foliages, including plant secondary metabolites such as total phenolics (TP), saponins (SAP) and aqueous fraction (AF), was determined. In addition, in vitro assaying of ruminal gas production kinetics was determined for the three browse three foliages treated with EFE. P. dulce had the highest crude protein content (p < 0.05), whereas G. ulmifolia had the highest content of neutral detergent fibre and SAP (p < 0.05) and H. velutinus had the lowest content of TP (p < 0.05). The interaction between tree species and dose level of EFE was significant (p < 0.05) for gas production (GP) at 24 h of incubation, parameters b and c of the accumulated GP curve, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME). The lowest (p < 0.01) extent of accumulated GP as well as the b and c values occurred in G. ulmifolia at 0 mg EFE/g DM. P. dulce had the highest (p < 0.05) values for ME and SCFA at the highest dose of EFE. Tree species and dose level had significant (p < 0.05) effects on all parameters describing in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization. Addition of EFE improved the fermentation kinetics of the browse species considered in this study.

Fibrolytic enzymes improving in vitro rumen degradability of tropical forages

“…Previous studies suggested that fibrolytic enzymes may weaken and/or degrade the plant cell wall constituents thus facilitating the microbial attachment and enhancing ruminal fermentation (Díaz et al, 2015;Elghandour et al, 2016). Our study showed that the most elevated dose levels of FEE improved TDOM and DNDF of different tropical forages and this could be a result of the higher substrate hydrolysis and synergism with other ruminal enzymes (Beauchemin et al, 2003;Elghandour et al, 2016;Eun & Beauchemin, 2008;López et al, 2016). Improving nutrient digestibility is one of the most important way to enhance ruminant livestock production, contributing to the sustainability of livestock sector (Ribeiro et al, 2015).…”

“…The responses of in vitro gas production and nutrient degradability parameters were substrate and dose-dependent (Kholif et al, 2017;López et al, 2016;Soltan et al, 2013;Vallejo et al, 2016). In this way, the controversial responses found in the literature are due to the excess or lack of enzyme activity (Adesogan et al, 2014;Beauchemin et al, 2003), though the present study showed that net GP 24 , TDOM and DNDF had optimal response with the highest dose level of FEE, showing a positive relationship of net GP 24 , TDOM and DNDF with the increase in dose level that could be observed in the Pearson correlation analysis.…”

Method development to reduce the fiber content of wheat bran and rice bran through anaerobic fermentation with rumen liquor for use in poultry feed

“…Duplicates of each sample were analyzed and mean values were calculated. Celluloses and hemicelluloses were calculated from the difference of acid detergent fiber (ADF)-acid detergent lignin (ADL) and NDF-ADF respectively [ 21 , 19 ] to know how much the fiber content actually decreased during the two-step fermentation process. Changes in nutrient content are given as percentage (%).…”

In vitro production of gases with mixtures of Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam)

“…The results obtained in this research show that increasing L. leucocephala content in the mixture decreases CH 4 production. Higher NDF and FDA content has been related to higher CH 4 production (Lopez et al, 2016;Vélez et al, 2018). When there is lower availability of digestible nutrients and higher cell wall content (NDF and FDA), CH 4 production is favored, while high levels of fast-fermenting carbohydrates and CP reduce CH 4 production (Owens et al, 1998).…”

“…When 20% of L. leucocephala was included in the diet, CH 4 production was reduced by 26% (Piñeiro et al, 2015). Reduction in CH 4 emission was also observed with the shrubs as L. leucocephala, Sapindus saponaria, Calliandra calothyrsus, Pithecellobium dulce, Heliocarpus velutinus and Guazuma ulmifolia, when supplied with low quality pasture or with Megathyrsus maximus (Gaviria et al, 2015;Lopez et al, 2016). Based on the above, the objective was to assess the total gases and CH 4 production, when combined with Hyparrhenia ruffa grass and Leucaena leucocephala in in vitro incubation.…”