In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Terminalia paniculata Bark: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents and Mechanisms for Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes

Abstract

The present study was aimed to investigate in vivo, in vitro antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) and characterize its possible phytoconstituents responsible for the actions. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (65 mg/kg–110 mg/kg; i.p.) administration. Oral treatment of AETPB using rat oral needle at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses significantly (P < 0.001) decreased blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in diabetic rats than diabetic control rats. AETPB-treated diabetic rats body weight, total protein, insulin, and haemoglobin levels were increased significantly (P < 0.001) than diabetic control rats. A significant (P < 0.001) reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein levels were observed in type 2 diabetic rats after AETPB administration. Presence of biomarkers gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in AETPB was confirmed in HPLC analysis. AETPB and gallic acid showed significant (P < 0.001) enhancement of glucose uptake action in presence of insulin in muscle cells than vehicle control. Also AETPB inhibited pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In conclusion, the above actions might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of AETPB due to presence of gallic acid and other biomarkers.

Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, and antioxidant activity of Syzygium densiflorum fruits in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

“…Increased HbA1c and decreased Hb levels were mainly considered for diagnosis and prognosis of diabetes complications (Sundaram et al 2012). Similar observations in the present study could be due to normalisation of insulin-mediated glucose level and an anabolic effect of insulin action on protein synthesis (Ramachandran et al 2013;Mahendran et al, 2014b).…”

GC-MS analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical analysis and anti-diabetic activity of ethanol extract of <i>Jasminum cuspidatum</i> leaves

“…The screening of anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plant extract is performed in experimental animal models after induction of diabetes by several methods. To induce diabetes in animals, streptozotocin is commonly used diabetic agent, which produces moderate diabetes (Ramachandran et al, 2013). Streptozotocin is a selective beta cytotoxin, induces chemical diabetes in many animal species by damaging the insulin secreting beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, and the animals became permanently diabetic.…”

In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Activity Evaluation of the Bark of Cascabela Thevetia L. In Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

“…With the progress of diabetes, the body weights usually decreased but the administration of the plant extract the decrease in body weights discontinued during the period of study. The blood glucose level of animals increased significantly after induction of diabetes, but after treatment with standard drug and different doses of test extracts, it was significantly improved which may be possible due to the preventive effect on STZ-mediated B-cell damage in diabetic rats and thereby increases insulin releases [17].…”

“…Insulin resistance leads to alteration of lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which further causes lipoprotein abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients [17]. The most common lipid abnormalities are hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and reduction in HDL in the case of diabetes mellitus.…”