In vivo evaluation of 2‐cyanoacrylates as surgical adhesives

Abstract

To evaluate 2-cyanoacrylates as surgical adhesives, the bond strength in vivo as well as the tissue reaction was investigated using methyl-, ethyl-, isobutyl-, and ethoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate. In addition, their set time and spreading on blood were studied. When the 2-cyanoacrylates were applied to an incised site of rabbit skin, they could maintain the skin closure without suturing during the first week and the bond strength increased during the second week. Significant inflammatory response was observed around the subcutaneous tissue glued with methyl- and ethoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate and persisted for approximately one week. All the 2-cyanoacrylate polymers were absorbed and the tissues treated were healed two weeks after the operation. There was a mild inflammatory reaction in the tissue treated with ethyl- and isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate, and their polymers still remained at the wound site at the second week postoperatively. The disappearance rate of the 2-cyanoacrylate polymers was roughly in proportion to the inflammatory tissue response. Ethoxyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate spread more broadly on tissues than the other 2-cyanoacrylates, while its set time was shorter than that of methyl- and ethyl-2-cyanoacrylates.

Comparative study of suture and cyanoacrylates in skin closure of rats

“…The resulting pellicle joins the adhesives like a bridge. The most important chemical characteristic of CAs is the capacity to form a quick, strong bond that progressively increases in intensity over the following 48 h 5,6 . The advantages of CA in cutaneous synthesis are widely described in the literature 7 , however, these products have been underutilized in Brazil due to high costs 6 .…”

“…The most important chemical characteristic of CAs is the capacity to form a quick, strong bond that progressively increases in intensity over the following 48 h 5,6 . The advantages of CA in cutaneous synthesis are widely described in the literature 7 , however, these products have been underutilized in Brazil due to high costs 6 . Moreover, the most accessible CA form is 2-ethyl cyanoacrilate 4 (ECA), which has been not widely studied in terms of tolerance, histological reactions in different cicatrisation phases and capacity to avoid dehiscence 6,[8][9][10][11] .…”

“…The advantages of CA in cutaneous synthesis are widely described in the literature 7 , however, these products have been underutilized in Brazil due to high costs 6 . Moreover, the most accessible CA form is 2-ethyl cyanoacrilate 4 (ECA), which has been not widely studied in terms of tolerance, histological reactions in different cicatrisation phases and capacity to avoid dehiscence 6,[8][9][10][11] . Low income patients, who constitute a large portion of the population attending public hospitals, have been deprived of CAs' benefits due to the high costs of the CA form approved for human use.…”

“…Low income patients, who constitute a large portion of the population attending public hospitals, have been deprived of CAs' benefits due to the high costs of the CA form approved for human use. One type of CA that has been considered a relatively good solution for wound closure in relation to other CAs and sutures 6,8,10 is ECA. It has been used satisfactorily in clinical procedures involving odontology, abdominal surgery, gynecology, gastrology, neurological surgery, maxillary surgery, orthopedics, plastic surgery, urology, vascular surgery, cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery, and legal medicine 4,[12][13][14][15] .…”

DNA-Chitosan Bilayer Membrane as a Bi-functional Biomedical Adhesive

“…10,11 Cyanoacrylate polymer has connected the organs by the strong adhesion on wet surface of tissue, however, it has serious drawbacks to be obstructive the progress of wound healing by hard solid and also to produce formaldehyde by degradation of cyanoacrylate. 12,13 Although fibrin glue using blood coagulation systems containing fibrinogen, thrombin, factor XIII, and protease inhibitor, has been attracted as a friendly suture material for body, it has been reported on risky infection, because it originated from the blood of human and cattle. [14][15][16][17] It was reported that the chitosan membrane adheres to tissue.…”