In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of MnFe₂O₄@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) Composite as a Hybrid Nanomaterial for Possible Biomedical Use

Abstract

Nanocomposites have significantly contributed to biomedical science due to less aggregation behavior and enhanced physicochemical properties. This study synthesized a MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) nanocomposite for the first time and physicochemically characterized it. The obtained hybrid nanomaterial was tested in vivo for its toxicological properties before use in drug delivery, tissue engineering fields, and environmental applications. The composite was biocompatible with mouse fibroblast cells and hemocompatible with 2% RBC suspension. This nanocomposite was tested on Drosophila melanogaster due to its small size, well-sequenced genome, and low cost of testing. The larvae’s crawling speed and direction were measured after feeding. No abnormal path and altered crawling pattern indicated the nonappearance of abnormal neurological disorder in the larva. The gut organ toxicity was further analyzed using DAPI and DCFH-DA dye to examine the structural anomalies. No apoptosis and necrosis were observed in the gut of the fruit fly. Next, adult flies were examined for phenotypic anomalies after their pupal phases emerged. No defects in the phenotypes, including the eye, wings, abdomen, and bristles, were found in our study. Based on these observations, the MnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) composite may be used for various biomedical and environmental applications.

In Vivo Toxicological Analysis of the ZnFe2O4@poly(tBGE-alt-PA) Nanocomposite: A Study on Fruit Fly

“…DAPI binds with the A–T-rich region of DNA and provides blue color fluorescence. It stains nuclei of dead cells, thereby it can identify micronuclei and help in their countings between live and dead cells . In this experiment, DAPI staining was used to examine the nuclei of gut cells of the third instar larvae.…”

“…Later, the stained gut was mounted on slides with glycerol and a coverslip. Finally, the slides were observed under the Stellaris confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany) …”

“…Finally, the slides were observed under the Stellaris confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany). 26 2.2.5. Comet Assay.…”

Nanotechnology-Based Solutions for Antibiofouling Applications: An Overview

“…NMs are particles of nanoscale dimensions with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nm. NMs have gained great attention due to their catalytic, electric, magnetic, and optical properties . These properties make them suitable for medical applications, electronics, and many others, as shown in Figure .…”

“…NMs have gained great attention due to their catalytic, electric, magnetic, and optical properties. 22 These properties make them suitable for medical applications, electronics, and many others, as shown in Figure 1. NPs are classified according to the nature of the materials (composition For centuries, metals have been well documented for their antimicrobial properties at the nanoscale, owing to their reactivity as compared to bulk materials.…”