<i>Indigofera suffruticosa</i> Mill. (Anil): Plant Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology Review

Campos, Janaína Karin de Lima; Araújo, Tiago Ferreira da Silva; Brito, Thaise Gabriele da Silva; Silva, Ana P S da; Cunha, Rebeca Xavier da; Martins, Mônica Barroso; Silva, Nicácio H. da; Santos, Bianka Santana dos; Silva, César A da; Lima, Vera Lúcia de Menezes

doi:10.1155/2018/8168526

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…An article published by the National Dairy Authority in 2017 also identified the sampling area to be abundant in I. zollingeriana 29 . In contrast, metabolites isolated from I. suffruticosa were reported to be mostly quercetin glycosides and nitropropionic acid glucose ester 27 . The annotated metabolites and literature information, therefore, support the identification of the Indigofera specimen as I. zollingeriana instead of I. suffruticosa .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The detection of isatin, anthranilic acid, tryptanthrin, and its derivatives could complement future stability studies of indigo in solution.The absence of these compounds in I. suffruticosa explains why the leaves cannot produce the blue dye even under prolonged fermentation, alkalinization, and aeration (data not shown). This result is surprising since I. suffruticosa is a known source of indigo 1,2,4,27. Careful consideration of the data hinted at a possible misidentification of the plant, and another Indigofera sp.…”

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confidence: 98%

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Profiling the Philippine Blue: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics study on Philippine Indigofera

Molino

Junio

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale High‐throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis presents an interesting platform for natural dyes research. A particular example is the assessment of the dynamic changes in fermentation mixtures of Philippine Indigofera, and in the investigation of commercially available indigo prepared using traditional and optimized methods. Methods Leaves from Indigofera tinctoria and Indigofera suffruticosa were subjected to methanolic extraction and aqueous fermentation for 48 h. Indigo powders prepared following 2‐day and 15‐day fermentation were also subjected to profiling using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF‐MS). MS2 spectra were annotated through a library search in the community‐curated Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). Spectra with no library hits in GNPS were annotated by analysis of their fragmentation pathways. Results UHPLC/MS‐based detection and fragmentation analysis led to characterization of leucoindigo and the unreported tryptanthrin intermediate, 5a‐hydroxy‐5,5a‐dihydroindolo[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐6,12‐dione, in the fermentation extract of I. tinctoria leaves. Indigo‐associated metabolites were absent in an Indigofera specimen in Laguna Province, which explained why it did not produce blue dye. Locally produced indigo was abundant in indigotin and indirubin, differentiated based on product ions with the corresponding predicted fragmentation pattern. The relative intensity of indigotin, however, decreased with the traditional process of extended fermentation to produce indigo. Conclusions The study is the first to demonstrate simultaneous MS‐based analysis of reaction intermediates, indigotin dye, side products, and catabolites on actively transforming fermentation extracts of I. tinctoria. New results include annotated mass spectra for leucoindigo, and for the unreported 5a‐hydroxy‐5,5a‐dihydroindolo[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐6,12‐dione, which is probably an intermediate in tryptranthrin synthesis. The proposed fragmentation schemes could guide the annotation of analogous compounds in complex mixtures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Profiling the Philippine Blue: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics study on Philippine Indigofera

Molino

Junio

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Indigofera spp. plants have a high level of adaptability, often growing in the wild in all types of soil, with high levels of tolerance to drought, flooding, and high salinity (Campos et al 2018). Many are found growing in coastal regions in soil with clay-sand soil characteristics and with a pH ranging from 6 to 7.…”

Section: Processing Indigofera Leaves To Produce Indigo Pastementioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Indigofera spp. as a Source of Natural Dyes to Increase Community Incomes on Timor Island, Indonesia

Agustarini¹,

Heryati²,

Adalina³

et al. 2022

Economies

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A strategy that has the potential to contribute to the achievement of the targets established under SDG 8 (“Decent Work and Economic Growth”) involves the development of sustainable tourism to create productive job and livelihood opportunities and to promote local culture and products. In the province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, ikat weaving is an integral part of the cultural heritage of the region, with ikat characterized by unique design motives and the use of natural dyes. Unfortunately, in some areas, the use of natural dyes is diminishing as a result of competition with synthetic dyes and the limited availability of raw materials, particularly for the production of blue dye. The development of Indigofera spp. to produce natural, plant-based blue dye has significant potential to contribute to community incomes and employment. This study outlines a strategy for developing the use of Indigofera spp. as a natural dye and describes its potential for contributing to community incomes, especially on Timor Island, NTT. The study shows that weavers currently use indigo plants that grow naturally in gardens and yards. Although the community has a tradition of using these plants, informed by local wisdom, to develop the cultivation and processing of this plant through the application of the appropriate techniques, including innovative approaches to producing indigo paste, could enable the development of Indigofera spp. cultivation on a larger scale. The study shows that the availability of suitable land is high (±370 thousand ha), with 80% of the suitable land being categorized as critical. The study proposes a development based on the analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to assess the manner in which these opportunities could be leveraged with the support and participation of local communities and other stakeholders by leveraging the culture and wisdom of the community regarding the use of Indigofera spp.

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“…Indigofera sp merupakan leguminosa pohon yang sangat potensial sebagai bahan pakan ternak karena memiliki karakteristik pertumbuhan dan adaptasi yang baik, toleransi tinggi terhadap kekeringan, banjir dan salinitas serta memiliki palatabilitas tinggi sebagai pakan ruminansia (Sherman, 1982). Indigofera termasuk dalam genus besar dengan sekitar 700 spesies serta tersebar merata di benua Afrika tropis (Hassen et al, 2008), Asia (Hutapea et al, 2018), Australia (Wilson & Rowe, 2010), dan Amerika Utara serta Selatan (Campos et al, 2018). Indigofera sp.…”

Section: Manfaat Indigofera Sp Sebagai Pakan Ternakunclassified

“…Indigofera sp. yang sampai saat ini lazim digunakan sebagai pakan ternak adalah I.astragalina (Gafar et al, 2011), I. cryptantha (Hassen et al, 2008), I. cornuligera dan I. arrecta (Wilson & Rowe, 2010), I. tinctoria (Yaman et al, 2012), I. australis ( O'Keeffe et al, 2014) dan I. suffruticosa (Campos et al, 2018). Sedangkan di Indonesia, jenis yang paling banyak dibudidayakan adalah Indigofera zollingeriana.…”

Section: Manfaat Indigofera Sp Sebagai Pakan Ternakunclassified

Review: Dampak Negatif Indospicine dalam Indigofera sp. pada Ternak

Yanuartono¹,

Purnamaningsih²,

Indarjulianto³

et al. 2020

jitro

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ABSTRAKPakan merupakan aspek penting dari peternakan dan peningkatan produksi daging dapat dicapai melalui nutrisi dan manajemen yang tepat. Indigofera sp adalah salah satu spesies leguminosa hijauan yang potensial untuk ruminansia dan merupakan sumber penting protein, mineral, vitamin, serat serta memiliki palatabilitas tinggi. Genus Indigofera terdiri atas sekitar 700 spesies yang berbeda, banyak di antaranya adalah tanaman penting yang secara agronomis digunakan sebagai pakan ternak dan suplemen pakan. Namun, beberapa spesies Indigofera mengandung faktor antinutrisi dikenal sebagai indospicine yang merupakan asam amino nonprotein toksik (2,7- diamino-7-iminoheptanoic acid) dan diketahui bersifat hepatotoksik pada ruminansia. Ternak yang mengonsumsi Indigofera dilaporkan mengalami efek hepatotoksik dengan adanya lesi pada hati, efek teratogenik dan kematian embrio. Oleh karena itu, indospicine harus dipertimbangkan sebagai kemungkinan penyebab rendahnya penampilan ternak, khususnya penurunan berat badan dan gangguan reproduksi pada ruminansia yang diberi pakan indigofera sp dalam jumlah yang berlebihan. Di Indonesia spesies Indigofera zollingeriana merupakan pilihan paling tepat untuk dibudidayakan dan dikembangkan sebagai pakan ternak rumiansia karena memiliki kandungan indospicine yang rendah untuk menghilangkan kejadian keracunan indospicine.Kata kunci: faktor antinutrisi, hepatotoksik, indigofera, indospicineABSTRACTThe feed is an important aspect of animal production, an increase in meat production can be achieved through proper nutrition and good management. The Indigofera sp is one of the potential forage legume species which are important sources of protein, minerals, vitamins, fiber, and has high palatability that provide essential nutrients for ruminants. The Indigofera genus contains approximately 700 different species, many of which are agronomically important plants that are used as grazing forages and feed supplements. Some Indigofera species, however, contain antinutritional factors (ANF) known as indospicine, a toxic nonprotein amino acid (2,7- diamino-7-iminoheptanoic acid) and is thought to be hepatotoxic in ruminants. Cattle and sheep consuming Indigofera have been reported to experience both hepatotoxic effects with associated liver lesions, and also teratogenic and embryo-lethal effects. Therefore, indospicine should be considered as a possible cause of animal poor performance, particularly reduced weight gain and reproductive disorders in ruminants that are fed with excessive amounts of indigofera sp. in Indonesia Indigofera zollingeriana species are the most appropriate choice to be cultivated and developed as ruminat livestock feed because they have a low indospicine content to eliminate the incidence of indospicine poisoning.Keywords: antinutritional factor, hepatotoxic, Indigofera sp, indospicine

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Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (Anil): Plant Profile, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Profiling the Philippine Blue: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics study on Philippine Indigofera

Profiling the Philippine Blue: Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics study on Philippine Indigofera

The Development of Indigofera spp. as a Source of Natural Dyes to Increase Community Incomes on Timor Island, Indonesia

Review: Dampak Negatif Indospicine dalam Indigofera sp. pada Ternak

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