Lactobacillus plantarum Exhibits Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells Exposed to Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract

Probiotics are widely used for protection against stress-induced intestinal dysfunction. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in gastrointestinal disorders. It is established that probiotics alleviate oxidative stress; however, the mechanism of action has not been elucidated. We developed an in vitro intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) model of oxidative stress to explore the antioxidant effect and potential mode of action of Lactobacillus plantarum ZLP001. The IPEC-J2 cells were preincubated with and without L. plantarum ZLP001 for 3 h and then exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 4 h. Pretreatment with L. plantarum ZLP001 protected IPEC-J2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage as indicated by cell viability assays and significantly alleviated apoptosis elicited by H2O2. L. plantarum ZLP001 pretreatment decreased reactive oxygen species production and the cellular malondialdehyde concentration and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential compared with H2O2 treatment alone, suggesting that L. plantarum ZLP001 promotes the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the cells. Furthermore, L. plantarum ZLP001 regulated the expression and generation of some antioxidant enzymes, thereby activating the antioxidant defense system. Treatment with L. plantarum ZLP001 led to nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) enrichment in the nucleus compared with H2O2 treatment alone. Knockdown of Nrf2 significantly weakened the alleviating effect of L. plantarum ZLP001 on antioxidant stress in IPEC-J2 cells, suggesting that Nrf2 is involved in the antioxidative effect of L. plantarum ZLP001. Collectively, these results indicate that L. plantarum ZLP001 is a promising probiotic bacterium that can potentially alleviate oxidative stress.

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CJLP243 in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels

“…First, exopolysaccharides from L. plantarum reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-gamma, and interleukin (IL)-12) and enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 [20]. In addition, L. plantarum is a promising probiotic bacterium that can potentially alleviate oxidative stress [21]. These results are consistent with our findings that FC levels, indicating MC, were significantly decreased in the L. plantarum group.…”

Effect of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 on Gut Barrier Function, Internal Redox State, Proinflammatory Response and Pathogen Inhibition Properties in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells

“…Here, E. coli and S. Typhimurium were used to induce oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells. The exact mechanism of how E. coli and Salmonella exert their oxidative stress-inducing effect is obscure, but pathogens may produce oxygen to generate an aerobic environment, thus establishing oxidative stress conditions in the intestines [ 8 ]. To confirm the antioxidant effect of the application of E. faecium as a pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment, we determined the capacity of the treatment methods for the alleviation of ROS production.…”

“…This finding indicates that E. faecium could alleviate the oxidative stress caused by E. coli and S. Typhimurium. Interestingly, certain probiotics have been shown to mitigate induced ROS production, and that pre-treatment of IPEC-J2 cells with L. plantarum ZLP001 reduced the ROS burst evoked by H 2 O 2 in IPEC-J2 cells [ 8 ], supporting the potential beneficial effect of probiotics on ROS generation.…”

“…If the barrier function is disrupted (due to weaning, changes in the diet/energy balance, immune response) the intestine becomes more vulnerable to oxidative stress, and numerous disorders can develop. Pathogens activate through multiple ways the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, thus conferring also to oxidative stress [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”

Oral administration of Lactobacillus brevis 23017 combined with ellagic acid attenuates intestinal inflammatory injury caused by Eimeria infection by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway

“…Increasing evidence has revealed that lactic acid bacteria effectively activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response elements (AREs), which further initiate the expression of serial antioxidant genes and exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [ 5 – 7 ]. Lin et al reported that Lactobacillus plantarum AR501 , isolated from Chinese food, markedly elevated the expression levels of Nrf2 and several antioxidant genes, including the glutathione S-transferase GSTO1, haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-l (NQO1), in mouse livers [ 8 ], indicating that Nrf2/HO-1 is an important antioxidant signalling pathway.…”