I misremember it well: Why older adults are unreliable eyewitnesses

Dodson, Chad S.; Krueger, Lacy E.

doi:10.3758/bf03193995

Cited by 73 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Some lineup studies have found that accuracy and confidence are better correlated in young people than in older people (Adams-Price, 1992;Memon, Hope, Bartlett, & Bull, 2002;Wylie et al, 2015), and a recent review concluded that confidence should not be used as a proxy for accuracy in older adults (Erickson, Lampinen, & Moore, 2015). Also, older adults often make highconfidence errors (Dodson, Bawa, & Krueger, 2007;Dodson, Bawa, & Slotnick, 2007;Dodson & Krueger, 2006), and older adults who rate their memory self-efficacy as higher are more likely to make false identifications (Searcy et al, 2000;Searcy et al, 2001). These studies may indicate that older adults tend to be over-confident in the validity of weaker memory signals-they may fail to adjust their confidence judgments appropriately to reflect their lower likelihood of accuracy.…”

Section: Gauging the Accuracy Of Identificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A signal-detection analysis of eyewitness identification across the adult lifespan.

Colloff

Wade

Wixted

et al. 2017

Psychology and Aging

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(2017) A signal-detection analysis of eyewitness identification across the adult lifespan. Psychology and Aging, 32 (3). pp. 243-258. Permanent WRAP URL:http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/85985 Copyright and reuse:The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way.Publisher's statement: © 2017, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000168 A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Middle-aged and older adults are frequently victims and witnesses of crime, but knowledge of how identification performance changes over the adult lifespan is sparse. We asked young (18-30 years), middle-aged (31-59 years) and older (60-95 years) adults (N = 2,670) to watch a video of a mock crime and to attempt to identify the culprit from a fair lineup (in which all of the lineup members matched the appearance of the suspect) or an unfair lineup (in which the suspect stood out). We also asked subjects to provide confidence ratings for their identification decisions. To examine identification performance, we used a standard response-type analysis, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and signal-detection process modeling. The results revealed that, in fair lineups, aging was associated with a genuine decline in recognition ability-discriminability-and not an increased willingness to choose. Perhaps most strikingly, middle-aged and older adults were generally effective at regulating their confidence judgments to reflect the likely accuracy of their suspect identification decisions. Model-fitting confirmed that the older adults spread their decision criteria such that identifications made with high confidence were likely to be highly accurate, despite the substantial decline in discriminability with age. In unfair lineups, ability to discriminate between innocent and guilty suspects was poor in all a...

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Section: Gauging the Accuracy Of Identificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A signal-detection analysis of eyewitness identification across the adult lifespan.

Colloff

Wade

Wixted

et al. 2017

Psychology and Aging

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show abstract

“…For example, older adults in the study by Shing and colleagues (2008) were disproportionally more likely than the other age groups to indicate high confidence (on a 3-point scale) following a false alarm on a rearranged pair (see Shing, Werkle-Bergner, & Lindenberger, 2009). Similarly, using an eyewitness misinformation paradigm, Dodson and Krueger (2006) found that older adults provide high-confidence ratings to a greater proportion of falsely recognised items than younger adults. High-confidence errors in old age may indicate that the ability to calibrate subjective confidence to memory accuracy (e.g., Jacoby & Rhodes, 2006) decreases with advancing adult age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

High-confidence memory errors in old age: The roles of monitoring and binding processes

Fandakova

Shing

Lindenberger

2013

Memory

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Based on a two-component model of episodic memory development across the lifespan, we examined the contribution of memory monitoring and binding processes to older adults' increased susceptibility to false memories with high subjective confidence. Younger and older adults worked on a modified version of the continuous recognition task (Schnider, von Daniken, & Gutbrod, 1996). Participants saw the same set of unrelated word pairs in three subsequent runs and had to identify pairs that were repeated within runs. Age group differences in the veridical recognition of repeated word pairs across the three runs were not reliable. False recognition of lure pairs increased across runs in older adults only, indicating increasing interference from previous encounters of the word pairs. Both age groups showed a decrease in false recognition of rearranged pairs across runs, but this decrease was more pronounced in younger adults. Older adults were more confident than younger adults when falsely recognising both lure and rearranged word pairs, indicating that overall memory-confidence calibration is less accurate in old age relative to early adulthood. Taken together, our results suggest that age-related decline in memory monitoring, in interaction with binding deficits, contribute to age differences in false memory for highly familiar events

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“…However, if prompted with misleading information, as is often done in false memory and eyewitness paradigms, even older children's confidence judgements are then less well calibrated than the judgements of younger adults, showing overconfidence with respect to incorrect responses (Roebers, 2002;Roebers & Howie, 2003). At the other end of the lifespan, older adults have been shown to experience greater difficulties in monitoring newly learned information than younger adults (e.g., Dodson & Krueger, 2006;Souchay, Isingrini, & Espagnet, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Committing memory errors with high confidence: Older adults do but children don't

Shing

Werkle‐Bergner

et al. 2009

Memory

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I misremember it well: Why older adults are unreliable eyewitnesses

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

A signal-detection analysis of eyewitness identification across the adult lifespan.

A signal-detection analysis of eyewitness identification across the adult lifespan.

High-confidence memory errors in old age: The roles of monitoring and binding processes

Committing memory errors with high confidence: Older adults do but children don't

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