“…Approaches to swarm localization, mainly, focus on estimating the relative distances between robots [8,9,10,38,39], or estimating the changes to the swarm's formation using sample statistics from the swarm [40,41,42,43]. Methods of estimating the positions and orientations (poses) of all robots in the swarm by fusing sensing data and motion commands [44,45,46,47,48,49], and methods that propose the use of external infrastructure, such as stationary beacons [50,51,52,53] (e.g., GPS, NorthStar) and computer vision systems [54,55,56] (e.g., AprilTag, WhyCon, and OptiTrack) have also been suggested in the literature.…”