Mycobacterium aviumcomplex infection in HIV/AIDS patients

Abstract

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection is a severe complication of advanced HIV/AIDS disease. Disseminated infection due to MAC appeared later in the natural history of HIV disease and was an independent predictor of mortality in patients before the extended use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The use of combination schemes, including three or four antimicrobial agents followed by secondary prophylaxis and HAARTs, improved the survival and reduced mortality rates. However, subjects who ignore their serological status for HIV, or who are not receiving or do not tolerate HAART, are at high risk of developing disseminated MAC disease. In addition, patients who show a good immunological and virological response to HAART can develop episodes of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with MAC, including supurative lymphadenitis and subcutaneous or soft-tissue abscesses. In this article, we describe the epidemiological, clinical, immunological, therapeutic and preventive aspects of MAC infection in HIV-seropositive patients in the pre- and post-HAART era.

Immunomodulating microRNAs of mycobacterial infections

“…Not 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 surprisingly, an increased understanding of the roles of miRNAs in major infectious human diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) is now attracting researchers' attention. The genus Mycobacterium includes highly pathogenic species such as the agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively, but also opportunist pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium, which can also cause disseminated infections in immune-compromised people including AIDS patients [4].…”

Usefulness of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the assessment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection

“…Disseminated disease occurs almost exclusively in an immunocompromised host. Recently, an increasing number of AIDS patients have been reported with disseminated MAC infection [4][5][6]. M. avium is the etiological agent responsible for more than 95% of disseminated MAC cases in HIV-infected individuals.…”

“…This condition is called disseminated MAC infection and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [4][5][6].…”

Serodiagnostic Potential of Mycobacterium avium MAV2054 and MAV5183 Proteins

“…MAC is the most common cause of NTM lung diseases and is an opportunistic infectious agent encountered frequently in patients who are immunocompromised, such as individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (6). Furthermore, the prevalence of MAC-PD in immunocompetent patients has increased recently (5).…”