(i) Osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcomas are rare malignant tumours that produce osteoid. The investigation, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of these rare tumours should be directed by multi-disciplinary teams in centralized, specialist centres. Here, we discuss the epidemiology, investigation and management of these tumours, and explore the literature on limb-salvage and adjuvant therapy. Local and systemic recurrences are discussed and the evidence base regarding prognosis is reviewed.

Mass Spectrometric Identification of Ancient Proteins as Potential Molecular Biomarkers for a 2000-Year-Old Osteogenic Sarcoma

“…It typically occurs in the long bones of the near metaphyseal growth plates of children and young adolescents [1]. The earliest known case affected a male Celt (ca.…”

“…Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor characterized by the production of osteoid matrix from malignant cells. It typically occurs in the long bones of the near metaphyseal growth plates of children and young adolescents [1] . The earliest known case affected a male Celt (ca.…”

(v) Epidemiology of bone & soft tissue sarcomas

“…These predispose to sarcoma formation, and in particular osteosarcoma. 16 Activated p53 plays an important anti-cancer role in maintaining genomic stability, inhibiting angiogenesis, and triggering apoptosis. Germline mutations of TP53, the tumour suppressor gene located on the short arm of chromosome 17 (17q13), lead to perhaps the most well known pro-cancerous disposition, Li Fraumeni syndrome.…”

“…This syndrome greatly increases susceptibility to many different cancers, including sarcomas. 16 Enchondromatosis: Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome 17,18 Ollier's disease is a non-familial, sporadic disorder characterized by multiple cartilaginous tumours most commonly seen in the small bones of the hand. The causative genetic mutations are likely heterogeneous with more than one mutation required, resulting in the classic mosaic presentation.…”