Penicillium section Lanata‐divaricata from acidic soil

Abstract

Penicillium species in section Lanata-divaricata are common soil-inhabiting fungi, but their presence in acidic soil has rarely been investigated. In an ongoing survey of Penicillium species occurring in China, 465 strains were isolated from soil, and of which 60 belonged to section Lanata-divaricata. The majority of these strains were isolated from acidic soil. The phylogenetic relationship between these 60 isolates and accepted species of section Lanata-divaricata was studied using ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences, which revealed the presence of seven accepted species and 13 novel lineages. Combining phylogenetic data with data generated during macro-and microscopic observations resulted in the description of 13 new species. The growth rate of the new species obtained in this study was determined under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions (pH 4, 7, 10). With the exception of P. hainanense, which was not able to grow at pH 10, all strains were able to grow at the three examined pH levels. Eleven species (i.e. P. austrosinense, P. flaviroseum, P. globosum, P. griseoflavum, P. hainanense, P. jianfenglingense, P. laevigatum, P. rubriannulatum, P. soliforme, P. spinuliferum, P. yunnanense) grew faster at low pH (pH 4) than at pH 7 or 10, and these species are therefore referred to as acidpreferential. Penicillium viridissimum grew fastest on neutral medium and P. guangxiense grew best at pH 10, and is therefore considered to be acid-tolerant. By isolating strains from a unique environment, combined with targeted isolation using a well-designed protocol, we are able to describe new fungal diversity with specific physiological characteristics.

Screening of Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi From Air and Soil in Yunnan, China: Four Novel Species in Aspergillus, Gongronella, Penicillium, and Talaromyces

“…Notes : Species of Penicillium in the section Lanata-Divaricata are characterized by divaricate conidiophores and broadly scattering colonies ( Houbraken and Samson, 2011 ). Members of Penicillium are widespread in food products, soil, plant-decaying materials, animals and indoor environments ( Visagie et al, 2016 ; Diao et al, 2018 ; Heo et al, 2019 ). Many recent studies reported Penicillium strains belonging to the section Lanata-Divaricata ( Visagie et al, 2016 ; Lorenzini et al, 2019 ; Hyde et al, 2019a ; Guevara-Suarez et al, 2020 ).…”

“… Crous et al (2018) established Penicillium guaibinense from soil in the Guaibim sandbank in Bahia, Brazil. Diao et al (2018) introduced P. austrosinense from acidic soil in Hainan, China. The conidia of P. guaibinense (CCDCA 11512 = 23EM8: ex-type) are finely rough and broadly subglobose, whereas they are smooth-walled and globose to ellipsoidal in P. austrosinense (CGMCC 3.18797: ex-type); despite this, conidial sizes between P. guaibinense and P. austrosinense are slightly similar [2–3 × 2–3 μm (av.…”

First report of Penicillium brasilianum Bat., P. cluniae Quintan., and P. echinulonalgiovense S. Abe ex Houbraken & R.N. Barbosa (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) as endophytes from a bromeliad in the Caatinga dry forest in Brazil

“…The results presented in this study were obtained through the combination of morphological and molecular data, whose phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of three Penicillium species (P. brasilianum, P. cluniae, and P. echinulonalgiovense) in the Lanata-Divaricata section, being reported as endophytes for the first time. The Penicillium section Lanata-Divaricata comprises of around 75 species, and some authors have described the representatives of this section as divaricate with subterminal to terminal metulae, in intercalary positions (associated with monoverticilate conidiophores), with the members being highly similar to each other and also capable of displaying variations within the same species Visagie et al 2015;Barbosa et al 2018;Diao et al 2018).…”

“…Phylogenetic analyses. β-tubulin and calmodulin sequences were chosen based on published literatures (Barbosa et al 2018;Diao et al 2018;Kubátová et al 2019) and included in the matrix along with the endophytic Penicillium sequences of this study. Sequences were aligned using MAFFT v.7 (Katoh and Standley 2013) and manually improved in MEGA v. 7 (Kumar et al 2016).…”

Five New Records of the Family Aspergillaceae in Korea, Aspergillus europaeus, A. pragensis, A. tennesseensis, Penicillium fluviserpens, and P. scabrosum

“…This genus is subdivided into two subgenera (Aspergilloides and Penicillium) and 26 sections [1,22]. Species of Penicillium can be isolated from different environmental sources including air, soil, indoor environments, and food products [1,23]. Penicillium species are also identified in a manner similar to Aspergillus species, through the use of morphological characteristics, multi-locus DNA sequencing, and extrolite analyses.…”